Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: The New Growing Threat

Kharaba, Ayman; Hussein, Mohamed A.; Al-Hameed, Fahad; Mandourah, Yasser; Almekhlafi, Ghaleb; Algethamy, Haifa; Hamdan, Ammar; Azem, M; Fatani, Jehan; Beshabshe, Ali al; Yousif, Amin; Dorsi, Hassan; Hazmi, Alyaa Al; Motairi, A Al; Alshahrani, Mohammed; Arabi, Yaseen M.

doi:10.4103/2543-1854.259469

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the findings of A. baumannii -associated HAIs, which were higher as compared to those of other pathogens in this report ( Figure 1 A), simply highlight the growing threat of this bacterial species in this region [ 26 ]. The widespread nature of this opportunistic pathogen has been reported in hospital settings [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Badger-Emeka,

Al Rashed,

Aljindan

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Extensive drug resistance to bacterial infections in hospitalised patients is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of single and combined antibiotic therapies in extensive (XDR), multidrug-resistant (MDR) and susceptible strains (SS) of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Cases of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HADRIs) and a few susceptible strains from hospital wards were selected for this study. Bacteria identifications (IDs) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were performed with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System. Patients’ treatment types and clinical outcomes were classified as alive improved (AI), alive not improved (ANI), or died. The length of hospital stay (LOHS) was acquired from hospital records. The HAI pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (28%), Escherichia coli (26%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%), Klebsiella (2%) species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Proteus mirabilis (4%), and other Enterobacteriaceae. They were MDR (40.59%), XDR (24.75%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE, 21.78%) and susceptible (12%) strains. The treatments were either monotherapy or combined therapy with different outcomes. Monotherapy produced positive significant outcomes with E. coli infections, while for P. aeruginosa, there were no differences between the number of infections treated with either mono/combined therapies (50% each). Nonetheless, combined therapy had significant effects (p < 0.05) as a treatment for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae infections. Clinical outcomes and LOHS varied with infecting bacteria. The prevalence of XDR and MDR HAIs was found to be significantly high, with no association with treatment type, LOHS, or outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Badger-Emeka,

Al Rashed,

Aljindan

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 However, up to our knowledge, there are no data available on the prevalence of A. baumannii MDR in the eastern region of the kingdom or other regions as reported by Yaseen M Arabi in his publication in 2019. 25 Looking at the risk factors, a retrospective study of 247 patients by Dent et al 26 showed that mechanical ventilation and previous drug use are important risk factors and showed increased mortality rates. In our study, 68.1% were mechanically ventilated before developing MDR and 32.8% had prior use of colistin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a critical care setting: A tertiary teaching hospital experience

et al. 2021

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Background: The management of Acinetobacter baumannii infection is considered a challenge especially in an intensive care setting. The resistance rate makes it difficult to manage and is believed to lead to higher mortality. We aim to investigate the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and explore how different antibiotic regimens could impact patient outcomes as there are no available published data to reflect our population in our region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all infected adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit at King Fahad University Hospital with a confirmed laboratory diagnosis of Acinetobacter baumannii from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2017. Positive cultures were obtained from the microbiology department and those meeting the inclusive criteria were selected. Variables were analyzed using descriptive analysis and cross-tabulation. Results were further reviewed and audited by blinded co-authors. Results: A comprehensive review of data identified 198 patients with Acinetobacter baumannii. The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii is 3.37%, and the overall mortality rate is 40.81%. Our sample consisted mainly of male patients, that is, 68.7%, with a mean age of 49 years, and the mean age of female patients was 56 years. The mean age of survivors was less than that of non-survivors, that is, 44.95 years of age. We observed that prior antibiotic use was higher in non-survivors compared to survivors. From the review of treatment provided for patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, 65 were treated with colistin alone, 18 were treated with carbapenems, and 22 were treated with a combination of both carbapenems and colistin. The mean length of stay of Acinetobacter baumannii–infected patients was 20.25 days. We found that the survival rates among patients who received carbapenems were higher compared to those who received colistin. Conclusion: We believe that multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is prevalent and associated with a higher mortality rate and represents a challenging case for every intensive care unit physician. Further prospective studies are needed.

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“…Saudi Arabia has observed an increase in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii over the past decade compared to the 1990s [ 24 ]. A previous study reported that between 2005 and 2009, 26.5% of ventila-tor-associated pneumonia cases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were attributed to Acinetobacter species [ 52 ]. In another investigation [ 55 ], the incidence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii was 92.1%, the highest percentage recorded to date.…”

Section: The Impact Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Amo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers

Elbehiry,

Marzouk,

Moussa

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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There is growing concern among healthcare providers worldwide regarding the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Some of the worst hospital-acquired infections, often in intensive care units (ICUs), are caused by this bacterial pathogen. In recent years, the rise in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has been linked to the overuse of antimicrobial drugs and the lack of adequate infection control measures. Infections caused by this bacterial pathogen are the result of prolonged hospitalization and ICU stays, and they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review outlines the epidemiology, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance associated with A. baumannii in various countries, with a special focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In response to the growing concern regarding this drug-resistant bacteria, fundamental information about its pathology has been incorporated into the development of vaccines. Although these vaccines have been successful in animal models, their effectiveness in humans remains unproven. The review will discuss the development of A. baumannii vaccines, potential related obstacles, and efforts to find an effective strategy against this pathogen.

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Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: The New Growing Threat

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a critical care setting: A tertiary teaching hospital experience

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers

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