The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers

Elbehiry, Ayman; Marzouk, Eman; Moussa, Ihab; Mushayt, Yazeed; Algarni, Ahmad Abdullah; Alrashed, Osama Ali; Alghamdi, Khalid Saad; Almutairi, Naif Ahmed; Anagreyyah, Sulaiman Abdulaziz; Alzahrani, Anwar; Almuzaini, Abdulaziz M.; Alzaben, Feras; Alotaibi, Meshal Abdullah; Anjiria, Suha Abdulaziz; Abu-Okail, Akram; Abalkhail, Adil

doi:10.3390/vaccines11071171

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Notably, this approach has been applied to pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium , Trypanosoma vivax , Acinetobacter baumannii , COVID-19, Ebola virus , and Marburg virus . Importantly, these in-silico designed vaccine constructs have undergone experimental validation, confirming their potential efficacy in immunological responses ( 108 ). It is expected that the vaccination models developed in this work will exhibit advantageous properties, such as strong antigenicity combined with minimal allergenicity and toxicity ( 109 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches

Ghaffar,

Tahir,

Muhammad

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a Gram-negative opportunist pathogen within the mucus of the nose and mouth without significant symptoms and has an ability to cause various infections ranging from ear, eye, and sinus to pneumonia. A concerning development is the increasing resistance of H. parainfluenzae to beta-lactam antibiotics, with the potential to cause dental infections or abscesses. The principal objective of this investigation is to utilize bioinformatics and immuno-informatic methodologies in the development of a candidate multi-epitope Vaccine. The investigation focuses on identifying potential epitopes for both B cells (B lymphocytes) and T cells (helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) based on high non-toxic and non-allergenic characteristics. The selection process involves identifying human leukocyte antigen alleles demonstrating strong associations with recognized antigenic and overlapping epitopes. Notably, the chosen alleles aim to provide coverage for 90% of the global population. Multi-epitope constructs were designed by using suitable linker sequences. To enhance the immunological potential, an adjuvant sequence was incorporated using the EAAAK linker. The final vaccine construct, comprising 344 amino acids, was achieved after the addition of adjuvants and linkers. This multi-epitope Vaccine demonstrates notable antigenicity and possesses favorable physiochemical characteristics. The three-dimensional conformation underwent modeling and refinement, validated through in-silico methods. Additionally, a protein-protein molecular docking analysis was conducted to predict effective binding poses between the multi-epitope Vaccine and the Toll-like receptor 4 protein. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) investigation of the docked TLR4-vaccine complex demonstrated consistent stability over the simulation period, primarily attributed to electrostatic energy. The docked complex displayed minimal deformation and enhanced rigidity in the motion of residues during the dynamic simulation. Furthermore, codon translational optimization and computational cloning was performed to ensure the reliability and proper expression of the multi-Epitope Vaccine. It is crucial to emphasize that despite these computational validations, experimental research in the laboratory is imperative to demonstrate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the developed vaccine. This would involve practical assessments to ascertain the real-world effectiveness of the multi-epitope Vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches

Ghaffar,

Tahir,

Muhammad

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…The challenges posed by K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii are underscored by their propensity to acquire resistance determinants, particularly to carbapenems, thus confounding treatment strategies. Vaccine development endeavors against these organisms are encumbered by the imperative to navigate antigenic heterogeneity, strain diversity, and the inherent plasticity of their genomic landscapes, which may potentiate the emergence of escape variants and undermine vaccine efficacy …”

Section: Importance Of Animal Models For Eskape Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccine development endeavors against these organisms are encumbered by the imperative to navigate antigenic heterogeneity, strain diversity, and the inherent plasticity of their genomic landscapes, which may potentiate the emergence of escape variants and undermine vaccine efficacy. 54 P. aeruginosa , characterized by its intrinsic resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents and its adeptness at forming biofilms, presents additional hurdles in vaccine design. Addressing these challenges necessitates a sophisticated understanding of the organism’s pathogenic mechanisms, coupled with innovative strategies to target conserved surface antigens or virulence factors, while circumventing potential pitfalls such as antigenic variability and immune evasion tactics.…”

Section: Importance Of Animal Models For Eskape Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating ESKAPE Pathogens: Considerations and Caveats for Animal Infection Models Development

Yu,

Xu,

Imani

et al. 2024

ACS Infect. Dis.

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The misuse of antibiotics has led to the global spread of drug-resistant bacteria, especially multi-drug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These opportunistic bacteria pose a significant threat, in particular within hospitals, where they cause nosocomial infections, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. To comprehensively explore ESKAPE pathogenesis, virulence, host immune response, diagnostics, and therapeutics, researchers increasingly rely on necessitate suitable animal infection models. However, no single model can fully replicate all aspects of infectious diseases. Notably when studying opportunistic pathogens in immunocompetent hosts, rapid clearance by the host immune system can limit the expression of characteristic disease symptoms. In this study, we examine the critical role of animal infection models in understanding ESKAPE pathogens, addressing limitations and research gaps. We discuss applications and highlight key considerations for effective models. Thoughtful decisions on disease replication, parameter monitoring, and data collection are crucial for model reliability. By meticulously replicating human diseases and addressing limitations, researchers maximize the potential of animal infection models. This aids in targeted therapeutic development, bridges knowledge gaps, and helps combat MDR ESKAPE pathogens, safeguarding public health.

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“…baumannii, extremely-drug resistant (XDR) and pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates have also been reported worldwide [230]. Most A. baumannii infections occur in ICU-patients and account for up to 20% of ICU-infections worldwide [141,233], with an increase in mortality rates (30% to 75%) [234]. Moreover, their ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics and persistence in the environment are the main factors contributing to their survival in the hospital environment [235].…”

Section: Acinetobacter Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Bouhrour,

Nibbering,

Bendali

2024

Pathogens

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Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters—BSIs (CVC-BSIs)—mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide. These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.

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The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers

Cited by 7 publications

References 113 publications

Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches

Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches

Navigating ESKAPE Pathogens: Considerations and Caveats for Animal Infection Models Development

Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

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