Acidity of rain in Europe

Kallend, A. S.; Marsh, A. R. W.; Pickles, J.H.; Proctor, M. V.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(83)90017-3

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…5 : An imbalance (positive or negative) percentage of the total number of ions present, eq. [3] (14,15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A quantitative index of the ion balance for precipitation chemistry

Hara¹,

Sekigichi²,

Ujiie³

1986

Environmental Technology Letters

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“…5 : An imbalance (positive or negative) percentage of the total number of ions present, eq. [3] (14,15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nevertheless, f must not be employed for data screening or statistical analysis without taking this limitation into account. Kallend et al (14) practically used Exp. 5 to filter the data at different levels of inconsistency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative index of the ion balance for precipitation chemistry

Hara¹,

Sekigichi²,

Ujiie³

1986

Environmental Technology Letters

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“…Monthly measurements of precipitation constituents were made at sites across Scandinavia and the UK, including the modification of an existing network in Sweden [117][118][119]. This yielded information on the linkage between increasing acidity of precipitation in northern Europe and long-range transport of air pollution [120][121][122]. However, information gained from EACN was limited by a lack of standardisation, as well as a flawed sampling method [123].…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring Network From the 1950smentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s

2016

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Abstract:Ground-based monitoring networks for evaluating atmospheric composition relevant to impacts on human health and the environment now exist worldwide (according to the United Nations Environment Programme, 48% of countries have an air quality monitoring system). Of course, this has not always been the case. Here, we analyse for the first time the key developments in network coordination and standardisation over the last 150 years that underpin the current implementations of city-scale to global monitoring networks for atmospheric composition. Examples include improvements in respect of site type and site representativeness, measurement methods, quality assurance, and data archiving. From the 1950s, these developments have progressed through two distinct types of network: those designed for the protection of human health, and those designed to increase scientific understanding of atmospheric composition and its interaction with the terrestrial environment. The step changes in network coordination and standardisation have increased confidence in the comparability of measurements made at different sites. Acknowledged limitations in the current state of monitoring networks include a sole focus on compliance monitoring. In the context of the unprecedented volumes of atmospheric composition data now being collected, we suggest the next developments in network standardisation should include more integrated analyses of monitor and other relevant data within "chemical climatology" frameworks that seek to more directly link the impacts, state and drivers of atmospheric composition. These approaches would also enhance the role of monitoring networks in the development and evaluation of air pollution mitigation strategies.

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“…After taking a long historical look at one of the early centres of industrial activity in Britain, Ferguson and Lee (1983) concluded that the acidity of rainwater today is substantially greater than it was a couple of decades ago. However, Kallend et al (1983) made a detailed statistical analysis of monthly precipitation data collected from the European Atmospheric Chemistry Network over the period 1956-76 and found that only 29 out of 120 sampling sites with 5 or more years of data revealed a significant trend of increasing mean annual acidity. A similar exercise conducted on a 15-year data set for New York State by Bilonick and Nichols (1983) also showed '... no evidence for a long-term change in the mean level of acidity ...'.…”

Section: Acid Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental issues

Smith¹

1984

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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The year covered by this report (October 1982 to September, 1983 has been characterized by concern for, and development of, existing themes rather than the emergence of totally new issues. This in no way is meant to suggest a static scene.With changing emphases and the achievement of definite progress in certain areas, there is a great deal of significance to report. I Some general trends Following the seminal UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972, the UN General Assembly has required the preparation of regular reviews of the world environmental situation. The first of these updating reports was presented in 1982 by Holdgate et al. (1982a) with a useful summary contained in Holdgate et al. (1982b). This important report provides an invaluably comprehensive and sober -even hopeful -digest of trends over the past decade. Inevitably, attention is focused on the increasing proportionate influence of society in relation to natural environmental processes but it is concluded that the short-term productivity of the biosphere has not yet been seriously reduced by human activities and that there is no evidence of imminent collapse. On the other hand, it is recognized that the resilience of some systems is threatened and the excessive release of sulphur in many developed regions is identified as a target for prompt action in the 1980s. As far as practical action is concerned, approval is given to the way in which scientific and popular interests in the environment have fused together to form a more realistic conservation movement but the report warns of the limited contribution which even rapidly growing and more predictive scientific insights alone can provide. No real solutions to the world's environmental problems can occur in the absence of an appropriate social organization and political will. Above all, the report recommends that priority should be given to education, training and other strategies to facilitate the rapid application of the currently available knowledge which is necessary to improve the quality of life for millions in the developing regions.The UN report highlights environmental issues, like energy, acid rain and tropical at University of Manitoba Libraries on

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Acidity of rain in Europe

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

A quantitative index of the ion balance for precipitation chemistry

A quantitative index of the ion balance for precipitation chemistry

Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s

Environmental issues

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