Acidification of primeval forests in the Ukraine Carpathians: Vegetation and soil changes over six decades

Šebesta, Jan; Šamonil, Pavel; Lacina, Jan; Oulehle, Filip; Houška, Jakub; Buček, Antonín

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.024

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This species was also weakened by increasing ungulate densities [14]. Higher temperatures and longer vegetation periods coupled with nitrogen deposition may have also contributed to more exuberant ground vegetation [23,79], which represents a greater obstacle for the development of conifer seedlings than those of beech [16].…”

Section: Historical Evidence and Possible Causes Of Beech Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Structural Dynamics of the Janj Mixed Old-Growth Mountain Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Conifers in a Long-Term Decline?

Keren

Motta

Govedar

et al. 2014

Forests

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Regression of conifers in European mixed old-growth mountain forests has been observed for a long period and studied from different aspects. Old-growth (OG) forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) have not experienced heavy air pollution and chronic overbrowsing that have affected many other European OG forests, while climatic and anthropogenic disturbances have been well documented. We analysed stand structure in the Janj OG forest, compared it with inventories of Lom and Perucica OG forests (BiH) and with earlier inventories of the same reserves. At present, OG forest Janj is characterized by a high growing stock (1215 m ). This is due to good site quality, prevalence of conifers (84%) and dominant endogenous processes in recent decades. In all three OG forests, indicators of structural change exhibited progression of European beech over time. Historical evidence revealed the occurrence of warm summers and droughts followed by OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 1244 bark beetle outbreaks in the 1920s, 1940s and early 1950s, which in turn influenced a marked conifer decline. It seems likely that repeated canopy opening released waves of European beech regeneration. These stand structural changes have delayed the rejuvenation of conifers and can help explain the early observations of conifer decline.

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Section: Historical Evidence and Possible Causes Of Beech Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Structural Dynamics of the Janj Mixed Old-Growth Mountain Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Conifers in a Long-Term Decline?

Keren

Motta

Govedar

et al. 2014

Forests

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“…In contrast with soil acidification, changes in the light conditions of Carpathian forests have seldom been reported (Šamonil, Vrška 2007;Durak 2010;Šebesta et al 2011), and the observations do not agree with each other. In the present study, an increased share of understorey species with high light Ellenberg's Indicator Values was detected, but only the change of weighted AIV L was judged to be statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The AIV N decrease was interpreted as the consequence of silvicultural operations. Some researchers (Šamonil, Vrška 2007;Durak 2010;Šebesta et al 2011) reported changes of AIV L, but as pointed out by Diekmann (2003), the reliability of this light-related parameter is low, as its values do not correlate well with measured light intensity over short gradients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes of forest abiotic environment in the Western Carpathians assessed using phytoindication

Zelazny

2014

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:To avoid ecosystem degradation, forestry planning needs to be based on current information about the state of forest environment. Phytoindication is an inexpensive tool that allows tracking the environmental change at fine spatial scales. The present study uses this approach to assess changes within abiotic conditions of forests in the area of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts. (Czech Republic). Phytosociological relevés collected in 2013 at 118 permanent plots were compared with records from the 1960s and 1970s. The changes were expressed using average Ellenberg's Indicator Values and units of the Czech Forest Typological System. Persisting soil acidification was detected, and linked to industrial deposition and planting of Norway spruce beyond its natural range. Conversion towards a higher share of broadleaved species was suggested to support soil recovery.

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“…Resurvey studies investigated the understorey to detect potential long-term changes and to assess the role of different environmental variables as driving forces in deciduous forests. The observed changes were attributed to different background causes, such as combined effect of temperature increase and canopy opening (De Frenne et al 2013, abandonment of former forest management practices (Hédl et al 2010, Heinrichs et al 2014, lack of disturbance (Brewer 1980, Taverna et al 2005, deer herbivory (Rooney and Dress 1997, Taverna et al 2005, Wiegmann and Waller 2006, increased soil acidity (Falkengren-Grerup and Tyler 1991, Durak 2010, Šebesta et al 2011, nitrogen deposition (Verheyen et al 2012) and often the intermingled influence of several factors (Heinrichs et al 2014, Vanhellemont et al 2014, Bernhardt-Römermann et al 2015, Naaf and Kolk 2016. The majority of the observed changes in the herbaceous layer show an explicit trend, as a consequence of direct or indirect anthropogenic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These short-and long-term changes in the herbaceous layer are most often detected by resurveys of phytosociological relevés or smaller quadrats after a few years (Ujházy et al 2007, Martináková andMartinák 2012), one or a few decades (Davison and Forman 1982, Taverna et al 2005, Łysik 2008, Vanhellemont et al 2014 or even after a half-century interval (Brewer 1980, Hédl 2004, Durak 2010, 2012, Hédl et al 2010, Šebesta et al 2011. In some cases the relocation can be precise, when the time span is short or permanent corner markers were used, but more often former plots are relocated only approximately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in vegetation of a virgin beech woodland remnant: stand-scale stability with intensive fine-scale dynamics governed by stand dynamic events

Standovár¹,

Horváth²,

Aszalós³

2017

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The aim of this resurvey study is to check if herbaceous vegetation on the forest floor exhibits overall stability at the stand-scale in spite of intensive dynamics at the scale of individual plots and stand dynamic events (driven by natural fine scale canopy gap dynamics). In 1996, we sampled a 1.5 ha patch using 0.25 m² plots placed along a 5 m × 5 m grid in the best remnant of central European montane beech woods in Hungary. All species in the herbaceous layer and their cover estimates were recorded. Five patches representing different stand developmental situations (SDS) were selected for resurvey. In 2013, 306 plots were resurveyed by using blocks of four 0.25 m² plots to test the effects of imperfect relocation.We found very intensive fine-scale dynamics in the herbaceous layer with high species turnover and sharp changes in ground layer cover at the local-scale (< 1 m 2 ). A decrease in species richness and herbaceous layer cover, as well as high species turnover, characterized the closing gaps. Colonization events and increasing species richness and herbaceous layer cover prevailed in the two newly created gaps. A pronounced decrease in the total cover, but low species turnover and survival of the majority of the closed forest specialists was detected by the resurvey at the stand-scale. The test aiming at assessing the effect of relocation showed a higher time effect than the effect of imprecise relocation. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalTibor Standovár et al. / Nature Conservation 17: 35-56 (2017) 36The very intensive fine-scale dynamics of the studied beech forest are profoundly determined by natural stand dynamics. Extinction and colonisation episodes even out at the stand-scale, implying an overall compositional stability of the herbaceous vegetation at the given spatial and temporal scale. We argue that fine-scale gap dynamics, driven by natural processes or applied as a management method, can warrant the survival of many closed forest specialist species in the long-run.Nomenclature: Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 2010) for vascular plants; Soó 1968Soó -1980 for syntaxa

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Acidification of primeval forests in the Ukraine Carpathians: Vegetation and soil changes over six decades

Cited by 36 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Structural Dynamics of the Janj Mixed Old-Growth Mountain Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Conifers in a Long-Term Decline?

Comparative Structural Dynamics of the Janj Mixed Old-Growth Mountain Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Conifers in a Long-Term Decline?

Changes of forest abiotic environment in the Western Carpathians assessed using phytoindication

Temporal changes in vegetation of a virgin beech woodland remnant: stand-scale stability with intensive fine-scale dynamics governed by stand dynamic events

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