Acidentes Ocupacionais: Conhecimento, Atitudes e Experiências de Estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Abstract

Objetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de acidentes ocupacionais em alunos de graduação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba e analisar o conhecimento destes sobre a conduta a ser adotada. Método: Utilizou-se abordagem indutiva, com procedimento estatístico-descritivo e técnica de observação direta extensiva, por meio de questionário. A amostra foi de 168 alunos (83,6%) do Curso de Odontologia regularmente matriculados do 5º ao 10º período. Realizou-se previamente um estudo piloto com 20 alunos para garantir a validade do instrumento da pesquisa. Resultados: Observou-se que 100 (59,5%) estudantes relataram ter sofrido acidente ocupacional, existindo predomínio do gênero masculino (62%) e dos estudantes do 8º ao 10º períodos. Os acidentes superficiais foram citados por 101 acadêmicos e os percutâneos por 29, sendo a distração (24,2%), a pressa (18,9%) e a pouca experiência (15,4%) as principais causas relatadas. A agulha anestésica (19,4%) e a sonda exploradora nº5 (16,4%); a dentística (28,5%) e a cirurgia (25,1%) foram os instrumentos e clínicas mais citados, respectivamente. Aproximadamente 60% dos acidentes ocorreram durante a lavagem dos instrumentais. O uso incompleto do EPI foi observado em 80 estudantes (80%) que sofreram acidentes, enquanto o uso completo em 73,5% dos que nunca sofreram acidentes. Dos estudantes que obtiveram conhecimento prévio sobre como proceder em caso de acidentes, 90 (56,8%) responderam corretamente. Um percentual de 65,5% e 22% dos estudantes possuem imunização completa para hepatite B e tétano, respectivamente. Conclusão: A experiência com acidentes ocupacionais aumenta à medida que os acadêmicos evoluem no curso, sendo o cuidado com a biossegurança e a imunização deficientes. Os pontos críticos encontrados foram: negligência nas condutas mediatas pós-acidente, lavagem do instrumental, ausência de luvas de borracha e imunização incompleta.Riscos ocupacionais; Estudantes de odontologia; Ensino superior. Objective:To identify occurrence of occupational hazards among undergraduate dental students of the Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil and to assess their knowledge of the required measures to be adopted in these cases. Method: An inductive approach with statistical and descriptive procedures was used as well as extensive direct observation by the application of a questionnaire. The sample included 168 undergraduate dental students (83.6%) from 5th to 10th periods. A pilot-study was previously performed to assure the research instrument's validity. Results: 100 (59.5%) students reported occupational hazards, with predominance of men (62%) and students from the 8 th to 10 th semesters. Superficial accidents were mentioned by 101 students and percutaneous accidents by 29 students. The most important factors were: distraction (24.2%), hurry (18.9%) and lack of experience (15.4%). The frequently most mentioned instruments causing accidents were anesthetic needle (19.4%) and #5 explorer (16.4%). Most accidents occurred in the Operative Dentistry (28.5%) and Surgery (25.1%) clinics. Approxi...

Knowledge, risk perception and attitudes of Dentistry students with regard to HIV/AIDS

“…However, the more advanced semesters, as might be presumed, showed better risk perception than those less advanced, as students in the latter stages are just beginning to form their perceptions of risk. The same result has been described in other studies 2,[9][10][11][14][15][21][22] . In contrast, research performed by Jafari et al 23 demonstrated that students in the final years of an Iranian university's dentistry course showed good risk perception regarding the prevention and transmission of HIV due to their constant contact with sick patients, since these students helped out in a care center for patients with diseases.…”

“…However, it would be unexpected based on the degree of preparedness of these students, as the major reasons for these accidents were the improper handling of instruments, the washing of materials in incorrect attire and haste in performing the treatment. This was also shown in the research conducted by Lima et al 2 , the only difference being the percentage of occupational accidents affecting dental students (59.5%). Likewise, other studies showed higher percentages 9,15,21 , however yet others showed results inferior to those of the present study 8,13 , with sharps injuries being the biggest culprits in occupational accidents in dentistry.…”

“…As for post-accident measures, it may be inferred from this study that students have not been properly instructed or do not seek to apply the knowledge they have acquired, as only 12% filled in the biological accident notification forms and only 16% asked for the source-patient's serology. Other studies in the literature also revealed poor adherence to postexposure protocols and unsatisfactory knowledge in this regard 2,9,10,[21][22] .…”

“…Their fear may stem from having lost other patients to the disease, thus denying care to or referring HIV+ patients, transgressing the ethical principles that govern the profession 3,15,[17][18] . It is during graduation course that students should acquire knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases and make a habit of adopting biosecurity measures in order to be aware of the best course of action to take after exposure to possible pathogens 2,4,19 , thereby developing an understanding that all knowledge acquired will have repercussions on their attitudes and behavior in their daily professional practice of dentistry 4 . Therefore, it is important to study the current situation of university students and future professionals, in order to influence subsequent students and raise awareness in current students.…”

“…Faced with the high number of patients with HIV/AIDS, it has become necessary to adapt the attitudes of health professionals and students to reality [1][2][3][4][5] . From 2012 to mid-2013, 35.3 million people worldwide were reported to be living with AIDS 6 , 718,000 alone in…”