Acid precipitation in the northeastern United States

Cogbill, Charles V.; Likens, Gene E.

doi:10.1029/wr010i006p01133

Cited by 326 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Acidic solutions were prepared by adjusting the pH of deionized water containing selected background ions (Cogbill & Likens, 1974) with a 1 N mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids in a ratio of 3:1., Simulated rain was distributed through stainless steel cone nozzles mounted at the top of each chamber, and was applied twice weekly, based on 30-year monthly rainfall averages for the Auburn, Alabama area.…”

Section: Exposure Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYLoblolly pine {Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from two families differing in ozone sensitivity, were exposed to ozone and acidic precipitation in modified open-top chambers, beginning in May of 1988. Visible injury (bleached needle tips) occurred after a late-season frost in April, 1989 on newly emerging (length < 5 cm) needles. After one week, needle tips turned brown and necrotic. Incidence of injury was recorded in April, May and June, 1989. Injury only occurred on trees exposed to ozone at above-ambient concentrations (1-7 and 2-5 x ambient), and was significantly greater in the ozone-sensitive family suggesting that this response is under some genetic control. Incidence of injury decreased with time and was more noticeable in the ozone-tolerant family (GAKR 15-23). There was no effect of acid rain, or interaction between ozone and acid rain, revealed by visible injury. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine if ozone and/or freezing temperatures enhanced electrolyte leakage. There were no differences observed in diffusate conductivity among treatments. These findings suggest that the observed injury was due to photo-oxidation induced by an ozone-low temperature interaction, and represent the first report of this type of injury in loblolly pine.

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Section: Exposure Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

et al. 1990

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“…3), the smallest value (4.4) was recorded in the winter of 1992 and the highest (7.8) in autumn of 1992. Some studies (Cogbill & Likens, 1974;Pratt et al,1983;Savoie et aI., 1987;Moreira-Nordemann, 1985) have reported extensive changes in the atmospheric chemical composition in several cities due to anthropogenic inputs. The region studied does not have heavy industrial or agricultural activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil

Braga

1999

Rev. Bras. Oceanogr.

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. Abstract: In an oligotrophic coastal zone, land drainage and atmospheric precipitation can temporarily modify the concentrations of specific dissolved compounds in local surface waters, mainly nutrient salts, setting up conditions for "new" primary production of phytoplankton. The Ubatuba region (23°30'S -45°06'W) is considered an oligo-mesotrophic region subject to a high average annual precipitation (-2,000 mm). The small rivers flowing into Palmas' Inlet present outtlow patterns linked to the precipitation cycle. Rain and river waters show nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate concentrations that are very variable often higher than in surface seawater. When one considers the total nutrient inventory ofPalmas' Inlet (total volume) in each sampling period, the relative contribution of nutrients from rain water presents the following seasonal variations: DIN ( in the~ring of 1991, the average value (all depths) ofprimary production was significant (7.00 mgC m-3 h-). The atmospheric source of dissolved nitrogenous compounds is very important to this region on account of the high pluviosity and the fact that this input occurs directly into the surface seawater, and thus to the euphotic zone.. Resumo: Em zonas costeiras oligotróficas, os aportes de compostos dissolvidos via drenagem continental e precipitação atmosférica podem modificar temporariamente as concentrações de certas espécies químicas na água do mar, principalmente os sais nutrientes, fornecendo condições para uma produção primária "nova" do fitoplâncton. A região de Ubatuba (23°30'S -45°06' W) é considerada oligo-mesotrófica e possui uma precipitação anual média alta (-2.000 mm). Os pequenos rios que fluem para a Enseada das Palmas tem suas vazões refletindo os ciclos de precipitação local. As águas dos rios e das chuvas, possuem concentrações de nitrato, nitrito, amônio, fosfato e silicato variáveis, mas freqüentemente maiores que aquelas encontradas nas águas de superficie do mar. Quando consideramos o reservatório total de nutrientes na Enseada das Palmas (volume total), em cada período de amostragem, pode-se verificar que a contribuição relativa da água de chuva, apresentou variações sazonais dentro dos seguinteslimites: NID (0,1-21,0 %), nitrato (0,06 -15,86 %), fosfato (0,01 -2,75%), silicato (0,04 -4,70 %). AfroduçãO primária nesta zona oligotrófica mostra variações sazonais e o maior valor foi 17,83 mgC m-h-I, na primavera de 1992. Enquanto que na primavera de 1991, ocorreu uma fertilização promovida pela intrusão de Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) verificada pelas características do diagrama T-S (T-14OC e 8-35,50 USP), sendo que neste período, o valor médio da produção primária (considerando todas as profundidades) foi relativamente alto (7,00 mgC m-3 h-I). A atmosfera como fonte de compostos nitrogenados dissolvidos é muito importante para esta região devido à alta pluviosidade e pelo fato deste aporte ser feito diretamente na superfície da água do mar, assim sendo, na zona eufótica.

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“…It is one of the mineral acid contributors to acid rain (Cogbill and Likens, 1974). Figure 10 shows the spatial distribution of HNO 3 in Abidjan during the dry season.…”

Section: Nitric Acid (Hno 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

Bahino¹,

Yoboue²,

Galy‐Lacaux

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 project (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the Work Package 2 "Air Pollution and Health". This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO 2 , SO 2 , NH 3 , HNO 3 and O 3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire. Measurements of inorganic gaseous pollutants, i.e. NO 2 , SO 2 , NH 3 , HNO 3 and O 3 were performed in Abidjan during an intensive campaign within the dry season (15 December 2015 to 16 February 2016), using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for 2-week periods. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. Results from this intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to surrounding pollution sources and show a high spatial variability. Also, NH 3 , NO 2 and O 3 gases were present at relatively higher concentrations at all the sites. NH 3 average concentrations varied between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO 2 mean concentration varied from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. Moreover, we measured the highest O 3 concentration at the two coastal sites of Gonzagueville and Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport located in the southeast of the city, with average concentrations of 19.1 ± 1.7 and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb, respectively. The SO 2 average concentration never exceeded 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb over all the sites, with 71.5 % of the sampling sites showing concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1.9 ppb. The HNO 3 average concentration ranged between 0.2 and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants on the scale of the district of Abidjan using geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions on the scale of the city. In addition, in this work we propose a first overview of gaseous SO 2 and NO 2 concentrations on the scale of several African cities by comparing literature to our values. The daily SO 2 standard of World Health Organization (WHO) is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3662 µg m −3 . Annual NO 2 concentrations ranged from 2 to 175 µg m −3 , which are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt towards presenting a spatial distribution of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of building an air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to bette...

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Acid precipitation in the northeastern United States

Cited by 326 publications

References 21 publications

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

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Acid precipitation in the northeastern United States

Cited by 326 publications

References 21 publications

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

An ozone‐low temperature interaction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

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A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities