Acid fraction: A simple and useful measure in rain scavenging studies

Peters, Klaus; Klemm, Otto

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90317-x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The fraction of acidic material in the rainwater (Winkler, 1984;Beverland et al, 1996) showed an inverse relationship with concentrations of dissolved species ( Figure 5B). However, in general the acid fiaction remained very low throughout the event, lending further support to the suggestion of considerable scavenging of below-cloud aerosol (Peters and Klemm, 1989). Rain.fizll chemistry -event averaged values.…”

Section: Thunderstorm On the Evening Of The 12th Of September (1930gmsupporting

confidence: 56%

Episodic nature of wet deposition of acidic material at a site in south-east England

Beverland

Crowther

Srinivas

1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The causal factors for episodic deposition of acidic material in rainfall cannot be fully understood from conventional daily network data. A brief review of the meteorological conditions leading to episodes is given. A definition of 'episodicity' was considered and applied to a 6 month data set collected at high temporal resolution using a microprocessor based acid rain monitor at a site in south-east England. The deposition was highly episodic for all of the measured variables when data from individual rain events were considered. Combining the data into daily averages resulted in changes of episodicity classification for several chemical species. A large percentage of the total deposition recorded during the field experiment occurred in a 5 day period when there was an independent report of ecological damage at other locations in England. Nitrate deposition showed the highest degree of episodicity with 51% of the 6 month total occurring during the 5 day episode. Meteorological details of the transport and wet deposition processes during this period were examined. Back trajectory analysis indicated that the episode was the result of pollutant loading in eastern and central Europe of the air masses reaching the site together with an absence of upwind precipitation scavenging

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Section: Thunderstorm On the Evening Of The 12th Of September (1930gmsupporting

confidence: 56%

Episodic nature of wet deposition of acidic material at a site in south-east England

Beverland

Crowther

Srinivas

1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…And also the confidence of the analytical data can be evaluated by comparing the AF values calculated from two different methods. 24,25 The two theoretical acid fractions (AF) of precipitation can be calculated from the results of all ion concentrations and the measured conductivity and pH. The correlation between two acid fractions calculated from each method shows that the correlation coefficients were 0.935 and 0.966 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively, so that the confidence of analytical data in this study represented a good result.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Chemical Composition Characteristics of Precipitation at Two Sites in Jeju Island

Kang¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

2003

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The major ionic components of precipitation collected at the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city have been determined. The reliability of the analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, electric conductivities and acid fractions; all of their correlation coefficients were above 0.94. Ionic strengths lower than 10 −4 M were found in 53% of the 1100 Site samples and 28% of the Jeju city samples. and NO 3 − in the Jeju area, and the organic acids have contributed only about 7% to the acidity. The neutralization factors by NH 3 were 0.47 and 0.48, and that of CaCO 3 was 0.31 and 0.25 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively. Investigation into major influencing sources on precipitation components by factor analysis showed that the precipitation at the 1100 Site had been influenced mostly by an anthropogenic source, followed by soil and seawater sources. The precipitation at Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.

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“…In part, the extent of washout may depend on the type of precipitation event. Intermittent rainfall was found to be more associated with variable scavenging rates of acidic constituents during precipitation, while continuous rainfall was associated with more uniform scavenging (Peters and Klemm 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Comparison of Wet Deposition Collectors at a Coastal Rural Site

Liptzin

Daley

McDowell

2013

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Atmospheric deposition occurs in a variety of forms and is crucial for the evaluation of nutrient budgets, critical loads, and pollution inputs across space and time. Atmospheric wet deposition is typically quantified by analyzing the chemistry of precipitation that is collected in some type of container with a lid that opens in response to precipitation. However, collectors can vary in shape as well as in the sensor that signals when precipitation is occurring. Here, we compare the collectors made by Aerochem Metrics and N-CON Systems Company Inc. The former has been widely used for several decades, while the latter is relatively new and has been used in a variety of configurations depending on the solute of interest. Event-based samples were collected from August 2007 to October 2008 and analyzed for nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, chloride, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). A variety of approaches were used to assess the comparability of the two collectors. Regressions of concentration versus concentration from the two collectors were strong, and the slope did not differ from 1 for nitrate, ammonium, or sulfate. The median concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate were, however, significantly higher in the N-CON collector, while there were no overall differences between collectors for chloride or DOC. Although we have observed some statistically significant differences between solute concentrations of samples collected from the two collectors, our mixed results suggest that these differences are relatively small.

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Acid fraction: A simple and useful measure in rain scavenging studies

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Episodic nature of wet deposition of acidic material at a site in south-east England

Episodic nature of wet deposition of acidic material at a site in south-east England

Chemical Composition Characteristics of Precipitation at Two Sites in Jeju Island

A Comparison of Wet Deposition Collectors at a Coastal Rural Site

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