Chemical Composition Characteristics of Precipitation at Two Sites in Jeju Island

Abstract

The major ionic components of precipitation collected at the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city have been determined. The reliability of the analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, electric conductivities and acid fractions; all of their correlation coefficients were above 0.94. Ionic strengths lower than 10 −4 M were found in 53% of the 1100 Site samples and 28% of the Jeju city samples. and NO 3 − in the Jeju area, and the organic acids have contributed only about 7% to the acidity. The neutralization factors by NH 3 were 0.47 and 0.48, and that of CaCO 3 was 0.31 and 0.25 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively. Investigation into major influencing sources on precipitation components by factor analysis showed that the precipitation at the 1100 Site had been influenced mostly by an anthropogenic source, followed by soil and seawater sources. The precipitation at Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.

Spatio‐temporal distribution of atmospheric chloride deposition over a small island

“…Some applications of chloride deposition data in hydrological studies include groundwater recharge estimation using chloride mass balance (Anderson, 1945; Crosbie et al, 2018; Eriksson & Khunakasem, 1969; Ordens et al, 2012), the establishment of catchment salt balances (Anderson et al, 2019; Cartwright et al, 2013a), evaluation of catchment disturbances to hydraulic equilibrium (Cartwright et al, 2013b) and gaining insights into storage and mixing processes across catchments (Kirchner et al, 2010). Additionally, chloride bulk deposition measurements have been used in studies on metallic corrosion predictions (Chen et al, 2021; Wallinder et al, 2014); interactions of marine aerosols with concrete structures (Meira et al, 2010); understanding the capacity of canopies to capture aerosols (Beier & Gundersen, 1989; Ulrich, 1983) and as a tracer on understanding the origin and transport of atmospheric pollutants (Kang et al, 2003).…”

“…Small islands are here defined as islands with a land area ≤2000 km 2 or maximum width ≤ 10 km (Falkland & Custodio, 1991). Several studies investigated chloride deposition in small islands (Kang et al, 2003; Malalis, 2006; Marrero Díaz, 2010; Naranjo et al, 2015; Shotyk, 1997; Suzuki & Robertson, 2011), and are summarized in Table 1. Bulk deposition values in these studies varied significantly among the islands, ranging from 0.8 to 319 mg m −2 d −1 .…”