Acid diffusion through extracellular polysaccharides produced by various mutants of Streptococcus mutans

Hata, Shuko; Mayanagi, Hideaki

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00032-3

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Considering that bis-GMA has hydrogen-bonding capacity, so it could accumulate hydrogen ions and decrease the pH in the micro-environment around cells, which could also make those cells more susceptible to acid. These results show that the presence of bis-GMA affected the aciduricity of cells, which would be disadvantageous in mature S. mutans biofilm because the biofilm matrices, such as glucan, in mature biofilm act as diffusion barriers and contribute to lowering the pH inside the biofilm by trapping acid [Hata and Mayanagi, 2003]. The decreased resistance against acidic stress could explain the increased number of dead cells inside the biofilms in the presence of bis-GMA ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Bisphenol A Glycol Methacrylate on Virulent Properties of Streptococcus mutans UA159

Kim

Lim

et al. 2018

Caries Res

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Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), which is released into the oral environment by dental composites through incomplete polymerization, hydrolysis, and mechanical degradation, can significantly influence oral ecology around resin-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate how bis-GMA changes the virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterium in humans. The results show that bis-GMA not only inhibited the planktonic growth of cells in medium containing glucose, fructose, or mannose, but also reduced the viability of S. mutans. However, the presence of bis-GMA increased sugar transport and intracellular polysaccharide accumulation in S. mutans, thereby increasing the potential of cell persistence. In addition, bis-GMA could enhance S. mutans’s adhesion to hard surfaces and glucan synthesis, which could contribute to biofilm formation. Although free bis-GMA made cells vulnerable to acidic stress, it also provided increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide, which might confer an advantage in competition with other oral microorganisms during the early stage of biofilm development. Interestingly, the presence of bis-GMA did not change the ability of S. mutans to interact with saliva. The results suggest that leachable bis-GMA could contribute to biofilm-related secondary dental caries at the marginal interface between resin-based materials and teeth by altering the virulent properties of S. mutans, although bis-GMA reduced the planktonic growth and viability of S. mutans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Bisphenol A Glycol Methacrylate on Virulent Properties of Streptococcus mutans UA159

Kim

Lim

et al. 2018

Caries Res

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“…A previous study also found a protective effect of dental plaque against erosion by dry white wine [Cheung et al, 2005]. However it is unlikely that dental plaque acts as a mechanical barrier by reducing the penetration of acid, since hydrogen ion diffusion is faster in plaque rich in extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) [Hata and Mayanagi, 2003]. The cola drink used on EP contains 8.25% sucrose [Martin-Villa et al, 1981b] and an in situ study has shown that an increase in sucrose concentration from 5 to 20% with a frequency of 8 times/day did not differ in relation to EPS synthesis [Aires et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Erosive, Cariogenic or Combined Erosive/Cariogenic Challenges on Human Enamel

Honório

Ríos²,

Santos³

et al. 2008

Caries Res

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Individuals with cariogenic diet can also consume erosive beverages. Thus, it seems necessary to investigate a possible caries/erosion interaction. To test in situ/ex vivo a combination of these challenges, 11 subjects wore intraoral appliances containing four enamel blocks randomly assigned. In the first 2-week phase, the appliances were immersed in a cola drink 3 times/day. Two blocks were free of plaque (erosion only: EO) and two blocks were covered with plaque (erosion + plaque: EP). In the second 2-week phase, four new blocks were all covered with plaque and subjected to a sucrose solution 8 times/day. Among the four new blocks, two were also subjected to the cola drink 3 times/day (erosion + caries: EC) while the other two were not (caries only: CO). Thus, in EO, the specimens were fixed at the intraoral appliance level. In EP, EC and CO they were fixed 1.0 mm under the appliance level and covered with plastic meshes for dental plaque accumulation. Changes in wear and hardness were measured. Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Mean values of wear (µm) and change in hardness (kp/mm²) were: EO 4.82/310; EP 0.14/48; EC 0.34/245; CO 0.42/309. With respect to surface softening, EP and EC differed significantly from each other and from EO and CO, which did not differ significantly. EO presented significantly higher wear than the other groups. The data suggest that the presence of dental plaque can decrease the acid attack of an erosive drink and the association of erosive and cariogenic challenges showed less enamel alterations when compared to erosive or cariogenic challenges only.

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“…The suppressing effect on C. albicans GT formation was obtained only with 4-h-old S. mutans UA159 spent medium, coinciding with maximal CSP production (25). The pH of the medium is one of the factors that is known to affect GT formation in C. albicans (4), and S. mutans is known to produce significant amounts of acid during growth (13). GT formation was significantly inhibited with spent medium from 8-and 24-h-old cultures of S. mutans UA159 and the ⌬comC strain, which was caused by acidification (pH 4.8) (data not shown), whereas this inhibition disappeared when the spent medium was set to pH 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus mutansCompetence-Stimulating Peptide InhibitsCandida albicansHypha Formation

et al. 2009

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The oral cavity is colonized by microorganisms growing in biofilms in which interspecies interactions take place. Streptococcus mutans grows in biofilms on enamel surfaces and is considered one of the main etiological agents of human dental caries. Candida albicans is also commonly found in the human oral cavity, where it interacts with S. mutans. C. albicans is a polymorphic fungus, and the yeast-to-hypha transition is involved in virulence and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate interkingdom communication between C. albicans and S. mutans based on the production of secreted molecules. S. mutans UA159 inhibited C. albicans germ tube (GT) formation in cocultures even when physically separated from C. albicans. Only S. mutans spent medium collected in the early exponential phase (4-h-old cultures) inhibited the GT formation of C. albicans. During this phase, S. mutans UA159 produces a quorum-sensing molecule, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). The role of CSP in inhibiting GT formation was confirmed by using synthetic CSP and a comC deletion strain of S. mutans UA159, which lacks the ability to produce CSP. Other S. mutans strains and other Streptococcus spp. also inhibited GT formation but to different extents, possibly reflecting differences in CSP amino acid sequences among Streptococcus spp. or differences in CSP accumulation in the media. In conclusion, CSP, an S. mutans quorum-sensing molecule secreted during the early stages of growth, inhibits the C. albicans morphological switch.The oral cavity is colonized by many different microbial species, where most reside in biofilms. Because of its multispecies nature, the oral microbial community is one of the best biofilm models for studying interspecies interactions (17). The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans shows a high prevalence in dental biofilms, and it is considered to be the major etiological agent involved in human dental caries (21). The fungal species Candida albicans constitutes a minor part of the total microbial flora (19) and can be isolated as a commensal from the oral cavity of 50% to 60% of healthy adults (33). However, in immunocompromised individuals (for example, due to human immunodeficiency virus infection or as a result of chemotherapy) and elderly patients, this fungus often leads to candidiasis (24). C. albicans is a polymorphic fungus that can exist in three morphotypes: budding yeast, pseudohypha, and true hypha (5). The morphological switch from yeast to hyphal cells is important in many processes, such as virulence (22) and biofilm formation (10, 18), and is therefore the subject of many studies.Bacteria and yeasts are often found together in vivo, and there is growing evidence that interspecies, and even interkingdom, interactions occur within these populations (7). These interactions can be mediated through signaling molecules (40), as recently described for the interaction between C. albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen (15). N-3-oxo-C 12 homoserine lacton...

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Acid diffusion through extracellular polysaccharides produced by various mutants of Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Bisphenol A Glycol Methacrylate on Virulent Properties of <b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> UA159

Effect of Bisphenol A Glycol Methacrylate on Virulent Properties of <b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> UA159

Effects of Erosive, Cariogenic or Combined Erosive/Cariogenic Challenges on Human Enamel

Streptococcus mutansCompetence-Stimulating Peptide InhibitsCandida albicansHypha Formation

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