Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Fructose to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural

Abstract

Hydroxymethylfurfural (abbreviated as HMF), also 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound derived from dehydration of certain sugars. HMF is primarily considered as a starting material for liquid transportation fuels and polyester building block chemicals. The most convenient synthetic method of HMF is based on acidcatalyzed triple dehydration of fructose. Although there are many studies about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF since this field started to be investigated, it is necessary to provide a new review about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF. In the following, we will make a summary (in detail) of catalytic systems of fructose dehydration to HMF achieved by different acid catalysts, including mineral and organic acids, metal complexes, heteropoly acid-based materials, Ionic Liquids, ion-exchange resins, zeolites, functionalized carbonaceous materials and mesoporous silica materials. It has been demonstrated that nearly full conversion of fructose and 100% HMF selectivity could be obtained with some acidic catalytic systems up to now

A novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal route for the synthesis of ZnxTPA/γ-Al2O3for conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…[26][27][28][29][30] In this context, heteropolyacids (HPAs), which are Keggin-type super acids with well-dened structures and specic Brønsted acidities, have attracted wide attention. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Due to their structural characteristics and heteroatoms, it is possible to modify their acid-base properties by changing their chemical compositions, abilities to accept and release electrons, and high proton mobilities. However, HPAs generally have weak thermal stability, high solubility in polar solvents and low specic surface areas (<10 m 2 g À1 ).…”

Dialkyl Carbonates in the Green Synthesis of Heterocycles

“…This compound has found numerous applications as a building block in the synthesis of chemicals, materials, bio-based polymers and fuels (Mika et al, 2018). As a result, numerous synthetic procedures to HMF have been reported in the literature, which mostly rely upon the acid-catalyzed triple dehydration of D-fructose (Karinen et al, 2011; Qiao et al, 2015).…”

Potensi Zeolit Alam Ende-NTT sebagai Katalis Transformasi Senyawa Gula Menjadi 5-Hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF)

“…HMF disintesis dari reaksi dehidrasi fruktosa melalui hilangnya 3 molekul air (Qiao et al, 2015). Produksi HMF dari glukosa dilakukan melalui proses isomerisasi terlebih dahulu menjadi fruktosa, kemudian dehidrasi fruktosa akan menghasilkan HMF.…”