Aciclovir resistance among indian strains of &lt;i&gt;Herpes simplex&lt;/i&gt; virus as determined using a dye uptake assay

Abraham, AM; Kavitha, S; Joseph, Prakash; George, Renu; Pillay, Deenan; Malathi, Jambulingam; Mv, Jesudason; Sridharan, Gopalan

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.34771

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this context, there are recent reports that have demonstrated a relationship between virus load and the propensity to develop drug-resistant mutants [22]. There are only two studies from India reporting the prevalence of acyclovir resistance among the studied HSV isolates [23,24]. Therefore, molecular studies such as qPCR assay could be adopted to determine the presence of resistant HSV isolates in this geographical location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Viral Load by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Patients

Bhullar¹,

Chandak²,

Purohit³

et al. 2013

Intervirology

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Objective: Human herpesviruses cause various acute, subacute, and chronic disorders of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous systems in adults and children. The objective of the present study is to summarize the experience gained with the estimation of viral load in the central nervous system of children and adults with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) admitted to a neurological institute at Nagpur, India, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay within the past 4 years. Methods: The qPCR assay was evaluated retrospectively in 242 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients. Evaluation of possible relationships was done between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA concentration in CSF with that of patients' clinical and laboratory manifestations. The prevalence of the type of HSV in the study population was also determined using type-specific real-time PCR analysis. Results and Conclusions: Real-time analysis using type-specific primers revealed the presence of predominantly HSV-1 genotype in the study population. The qPCR results show that in patients with higher viral loads in their CSF, a greater number of cases were associated with the presence of lesions in the brain as revealed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scan. They required acyclovir therapy for a longer duration and had a poorer clinical outcome than the patients with lower viral loads in their CSF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Viral Load by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Patients

Bhullar¹,

Chandak²,

Purohit³

et al. 2013

Intervirology

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“…The mechanism of GDM for antivirus activity is reported to be different from ACV, and the study is still under the way 4,16–18 . ACV has been used from the 1980s against the HSV‐1 infections in the immunocompromised patients, but the resistance to ACV among HSV‐1 isolates is increasingly being reported particularly in this population 19,20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,[16][17][18] ACV has been used from the 1980s against the HSV-1 infections in the immunocompromised patients, but the resistance to ACV among HSV-1 isolates is increasingly being reported particularly in this population. 19,20 The antiviral mechanism of GDM appears to be associated with Hsp90 inactivation and cell cycle restoration, which indicates that GDM exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity, including HSV-1, HSV-2, HIV-1, CoxB3 and vesicular stomatitis virus. 4,5 But the concentration of GDM solution in ophthalmology has not been defined yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geldanamycin is effective in the treatment of herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis in a rabbit model

Wan

Pan

Nie

2011

Clinical &Amp; Experimental Ophthalmology

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“…Currently existing therapy against HSV infections is based on the administration of nucleoside analogues, among which ACV has had the broadest application. A disadvantage of this therapy is the rapid formation of resistant mutants [61].…”

Section: Ellagitannins As Antiherpesvirus Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannins as Antiviral Agents

Vilhelmova-Ilieva¹,

Galabov²,

Mileva³

2020

Tannins - Structural Properties, Biological Properties and Current Knowledge

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Tannins possess a variety of biological effects, not a small part of which is of medical significance. Tannins, isolated from plants as well as synthetically obtained, manifest activity against a large spectrum of viruses: enteroviruses (polio-and coxsackie-), caliciviruses (feline calicivirus, mouse norovirus), rotavirus, influenza virus A, rhabdo-(vesicular stomatitis virus), paramyxoviruses (Sendai and Newcastle disease viruses), human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, and adenoviruses. A special importance merits several ellagitannins manifesting pronounced effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and on some herpes viruses affecting domestic animals, causing diseases of economic importance. An advantage of ellagitannins as anti-herpesvirus agents is that they have a non-nucleoside structure. Their targets are virus-specific proteins, so they retain activity against acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV types 1 and 2. Besides, these tannins manifest a synergistic effect with acyclovir when combined. Some initial results on their mechanism of action were carried out. In addition, it was found that most of the tannins have antioxidant properties in experimental models in vitro as well as in experimental influenza viral infection in mice.2 in tea or coffee, can cause calcium and iron deficiencies in the body and may cause osteoporosis and anemia [4].Tannins are also effective inhibitors of certain enzymes. For example, woodfruticosin (woodfordin C) shows anti-topoisomerase II activity; and eugeniflorin D1 and D2, isolated from Eugenia uniflora L., and oenothein B effectively inhibit Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase. Oenothein A and B, isolated from Epilobium species, appear to be potential inhibitors of the enzymes 5α-reductase and aromatase, which play important roles in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Researchers have suggested that the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, an important factor in gene expression, DNA replication, and cell differentiation, can be inhibited by the oligomeric ellagitannins oenothein B and nobotanins B, E, and K. In addition, enzyme α-glucosidase (maltase), which may be important in the development of type-2 diabetes, is inhibited by chebulagic acid (isolated from Terminalia chebula), tellimagrandin I, and eugeniin (casuarictin) [5].Research results indicate that the crude extract of Terminalia bellerica fruit (Tb. Cr), which is rich in tannin content, induced a dose-dependent fall in the arterial blood pressure of rats. Tb.Cr inhibited the force and rate of atrial contractions, and this effect was due to a calcium antagonistic mechanism [6]. Tannins also exhibit antihypertensive activity in the body by inhibiting the effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) [7]. Hydrolysable tannins with pronounced antihypertensive activity are castalagin and chebulinic acid as well as corilagin isolated from the leaves of Lumnitzera racemosa [8].Important for human health is the antitumor activity different tannins show toward various tumors suc...

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Aciclovir resistance among indian strains of <i>Herpes simplex</i> virus as determined using a dye uptake assay

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Determination of Viral Load by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Patients

Determination of Viral Load by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Patients

Geldanamycin is effective in the treatment of herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis in a rabbit model

Tannins as Antiviral Agents

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