Achieving the 30% Goal: Energy and Cost Savings Analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Thornton, Brian; Wang, W.; Cho, H.; Liu, B.; Rosenberg, Michael; Xie, YuLong; Mendon, Vrushali V.; Richman, Eric E.; Zhang, J.; Athalye, Rahul A.

doi:10.2172/1721789

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Analysis of the EEMs was conducted using DOE's Commercial Prototype Building Models 1 (Thornton et al 2011) that were developed using DOE's EnergyPlus software (DOE 2013). These are whole building energy models representing the national building stock in the United States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

City Reach Code Technical Support Document

Athalye

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

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The Architecture 2030 organization gathered a coalition of U.S. cities together with other stakeholders to facilitate the development of voluntary guidelines and standards that could be implemented in stages at the city level to improve building energy efficiency. This coalition sought technical support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the development of these guidelines. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), funded under DOE's Building Energy Codes Program (BECP), provided this technical support to the coalition in collaboration with New Buildings Institute (NBI). These guidelines will be formed around a set of increasingly stringent performance metrics, starting from a 20% improvement over existing model energy codes to a policy that delivers net-zero energy performance. The focus of this project is the 20% improvement over existing commercial model energy codes.NBI and PNNL assembled a set of energy-efficiency measures (EEMs) that would have the potential to deliver 20% energy savings over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013, which was chosen as the baseline model energy code for this project. The EEMs were developed using several sources including national model codes and standards, high-performance building codes and standards, regional energy codes, and measures that are being proposed as part of the on-going code development process. The EEMs improved all aspects of building design that are traditionally defined to be within the scope of energy codes, including, opaque envelope and fenestration, air leakage, interior and exterior lighting power, occupancy sensors, fan power, HVAC equipment efficiency, HVAC controls, service hot water waste heat recovery, plug load control, daylighting, and others.Energy savings from the chosen EEMs were estimated using PNNL-developed prototype building models, which are whole building energy models built using DOE's EnergyPlus software. Five prototypes were selected for this analysis based on the typical proportion of building types in U.S. cities: High-rise Apartment, Large Hotel, Large Office, Secondary School, and Stand-alone Retail. These prototypes were simulated in six climate zones: 2B (hot, dry), 3A (warm, humid), 3C (warm, marine), 4A (mixed, humid), 4C (mixed, marine), and 5A (cool, humid). Individual EEMs were applied separately to the selected prototypes and climate zones to determine energy savings. EEMs were then combined into bundles to incorporate interactive effects and to determine the total impact of all EEMs.The results show that with the group of EEMs described in this report, it is possible to achieve 20% energy savings over Standard 90.1-2013 in nearly all building types and climate zones analyzed in this study. v

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

City Reach Code Technical Support Document

Athalye

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

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“…In support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Building Energy Codes Program, PNNL provides technical analysis for ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 1 Standard 90.1 (herein referred to as Standard 90.1) with the aim of guiding its development toward increased levels of energy efficiency. As part of this process, PNNL uses the Progress Indicator (PI) methodology (Thornton et al, 2011) to track the national impact of Standard 90.1 throughout the standard's three-year development cycle, and periodically reports the results to Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 90.1. The PI applies the requirements of two different editions of the standard-the new edition compared to the previous-to a suite of established prototype energy models, including 16 building types in the 16 ASHRAE climate zones found in the United States (DOE and PNNL, 2020).…”

Section: Significance Of Commercial Building Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on commercial building weights developed in 2010, these prototype buildings represent 80% of the U.S. commercial building floor area, and over 70% of the energy consumed in U.S. commercial buildings (Jarnagin andBandyopadhyay, 2010, Thornton et al, 2011). Descriptions of the prototype buildings are provided in Thornton et al (2011). Building energy simulations model the energy characteristics of the prototype buildings in various climate zones described in ASHRAE Standard 169-2013169- (ASHRAE 2013.…”

Section: Significance Of Commercial Building Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the weighting factors of the representative categories are available, the impacts on individual category can be aggregated. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) researchers established a methodology for evaluating commercial building energy code changes (Thornton et al, 2011 andLiu 2015) and used it in various analyses for state and national codes (Chen et al, 2019, Zhang et al, 2015, and Athalye et al, 2016a. In those analyses, weighting factors developed by Jarnagin and Bandyopadhyay (2010) for commercial buildings constructed from 2003 to 2007 were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of National New Construction Weighting Factors for the Commercial Building Prototype Analyses (2003-2018)

Lei¹,

Butzbaugh²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

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Introduction 9, = EUI for building prototype in climate zone (kBtu/sf) , = construction weight for prototype in climate zone = total number of prototypes = total number of climate zones. PNNL-29787Methodology 121. Proceed with subsequent steps if the sample 'Project Type' is 'Clinics/Nursing Convalescent Facilities'; otherwise, skip subsequent steps.2. If the sample 'Project Title' contains 'Hospital' keywords, categorize the sample to 'Hospital' and skip the subsequent steps.3. If the sample 'Project Title' contains 'Outpatient' keywords, categorize the sample to 'Outpatient Healthcare' and skip the subsequent steps.

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“…Because a PB represents typical energy consumption characteristics (i.e., monthly electricity and fuel consumption, end-use of a particular building stock), the PB energy model results represent the entire building stock. PBs are widely used by policymakers, researchers, architects, engineers, and other stakeholders to establish long-term energy policies by evaluating the building energy savings before and after policy application [1,2]. Reference building (a different term for PB) models of US-DOE are used for policy evaluation by defining PB energy models for building stocks that represent 70% of the gross area of the non-residential building stock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea

2021

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In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.

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Achieving the 30% Goal: Energy and Cost Savings Analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

City Reach Code Technical Support Document

City Reach Code Technical Support Document

Development of National New Construction Weighting Factors for the Commercial Building Prototype Analyses (2003-2018)

Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea

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