Achieving a High-Performance Carbon Anode through the P–O Bond for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Carbon materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and specific capacity in lithium-ion batteries are highly attractive. Herein, P-doped carbon has been prepared, and as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, it exhibits remarkably improved ICE and reversible capacity. P atoms are apt for the formation of the P-O bond in carbon with oxygen-containing groups. The doped P content strongly depends on the O content in carbon. The high-doped P content of 5.79 at. % can be obtained through changing the O content in carbon. Carbon with high contents of P and O displays high ICE and capacity as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The P-O bond in carbon changes the morphology and composition of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and is beneficial to the formation of a thin and dense SEI layer. The P-O bond in carbon prevents the permeation and decomposition of solvated PF in the interior of the electrode during cycling, resulting in the improved ICE, reversible capacity, and rate capability. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the ICE can be improved to 70.9% for carbon with the P-O bond from 36.9% for carbon without the P-O bond. Carbon with the P-O bond displays high specific capacities of 566 mA h g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g and 432 mA h g after 1000 cycles at 1 A g. This design offers a simple and efficient method to improve the ICE and reversible capacity of hard carbon.

Phosphorus and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Spheres with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors

“…Although P‐doped carbon materials have been intensively investigated for LIBs and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), there are few reports about P‐doping in potassium‐based energy storage devices and their specific functional mechanisms are unclear as well. [ 35,36 ]…”

In Situ Revealing the Electroactivity of PO and PC Bonds in Hard Carbon for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Li/K‐Ion Batteries

“…Yang and co-workers reported the PO bond in carbon can improve the initial Coulombic efficiency, capacity and rate capability, and as-prepared P-doped C can exhibit a reversible capacity of 566 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 for LIBs. [13] P and O dual-doped graphene was obtained by a thermal annealing method using triphenylphosphine and graphene oxide as precursors. [14] It exhibits a cycling stability of 160 mA h g −1 at 2.0 A g −1 after 600 cycles for PIBs.…”

“…In addition to N doping, phosphorus‐doped hard carbon has also received widespread attention in recent years. Yang and co‐workers reported the PO bond in carbon can improve the initial Coulombic efficiency, capacity and rate capability, and as‐prepared P‐doped C can exhibit a reversible capacity of 566 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 for LIBs . P and O dual‐doped graphene was obtained by a thermal annealing method using triphenylphosphine and graphene oxide as precursors .…”

Novel hard carbon/graphite composites synthesized by a facilein situanchoring method as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…This improvement in reversible capacity of the novel composites is mostly due to the in situ anchoring of hard carbons and the minor P-doped structures. 33 Rate capability and cycling performance are also tested for HC/G composites to reveal the relationship between anode composition and electrochemical performance. As shown by the rate performance of AG and HC/G composites from 0.1C to 3C in Fig.…”