Achievement of excellent strength and plasticity in the nugget zone of friction stir welded bainitic steel and its deformation behavior

Friction Stir Welding/Processing of Various Metals with Working Tools of Different Materials and Its Peculiarities for Titanium Alloys: A Review

“…Steels may form various martensitic or bainitic structural states instead of an equiaxial grain structure [131]. Depending on the type and physical nature of the base metal, the mechanical properties of the material in the formed stir zone may increase [132], decrease [105,133], or remain practically unchanged [130] from the initial ones. In order to control the structure of the stir zone, various methods of treatment can be applied: cooling with water [134,135], a mixture of water and ethanol [136], dry ice, liquid nitrogen, compressed air [137], or a mixture of dry ice and ethanol [138], ultrasound application [139][140][141], the introduction of additional materials [142,143], thermal and thermomechanical post-treatment [144][145][146], or performing several passes with a tool in succession [147].…”

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

“…During the manufacturing processes of aerospace structures, all types of materials require welding and joining at the highest quality possible. Friction stir welding (FSW) has been proven to satisfy the required quality of welding different types of materials, especially those with low-softening-temperature alloys [15][16][17][18][19][20], and is relatively applied in high-softening-temperature materials such as titanium alloys [21][22][23][24][25] and steel alloys [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. This is mainly because the available tool materials can be used satisfactorily to produce very long-distance joints without any significant degradation [36][37][38].…”