Acetylcholinesterase in Human Amniotic Fluid: An Index of Fetal Neural Development?

Chubb, I.W.; Springell, H.J.; Pilowsky, Paul M.; Pollard, A.C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91145-0

Cited by 62 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…AChE was measured by the Ellman assay, using 1.5ÀlM ethopropazine to inhibit BChE, and absorbance was measured at 405 nm resulting from congenitally acquired conditions of the bowel, such as anorectal malformations, do not show the same increase in AChE-G4 [66]. Neural tube defects are characterized by the presence of soluble forms of AChE in the liquor [11].…”

Section: Cholinesterase Activity In Aganglionic Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase in Hirschsprung?s disease

Moore

Johnson

2005

Ped Surgery Int

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The association between the congenital absence of colonic ganglion cells and an increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in the affected tissue is of diagnostic importance in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Investigation of AChE's function in development may also help unravel some of the complex pathophysiology in HSCR. Normal nerves do not stain for AChE, but increased AChE expression is associated with the hypertrophied extrinsic nerve fibres of the aganglionic segment in HSCR. Although a high degree of histochemical diagnostic accuracy exists, results are not always uniform, and false positives and false negatives are reported. False negative results are primarily related to age, and an absence of AChE reaction does not exclude HSCR in neonates within the first 3 weeks after birth. AChE staining results may lack uniformity, resulting in a number of technical modifications that have been made to improve standardization of AChE staining. At least two distinct histological patterns are described, types A and B. The interpretation of increased AChE staining patterns in ganglionated bowel at the time of surgical pull-through remains a problem in patients with HSCR. The development of rapid staining techniques has helped to identify normal ganglionated bowel with greater certainty. The presence of fine AChE neurofibrils in the ganglionated segment has contributed to the debate surrounding intestinal neuronal dysplasia. Quantitative assay of cholinesterase activity confirms the pattern of histochemical staining. AChE is particularly increased in relation to butrylcholinesterase, with one molecular form, the G4 tetrameric form, predominating. It is likely that the raised levels of AChE in aganglionic tissue are the transcriptional consequence of the abnormalities in signalling molecules that characterize HSCR. Evidence suggests that this AChE is functioning in a nonenzymatic capacity to promote cell adhesion and differentiation and that the hypertrophied nerves and neurofibrils may be the result of this increased AChE expression.

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Section: Cholinesterase Activity In Aganglionic Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase in Hirschsprung?s disease

Moore

Johnson

2005

Ped Surgery Int

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“…The ability of a skilled obstetrician to use specialised ultrasound to detect fetal malformation is remarkable and is still improving.20 Though a negative result on the ultrasound scan does not guarantee a normal fetus the technique is the best single way of confirming diagnosis. New biochemical tests now undergoing evaluation include determining amniotic acetyl-cholinesterase2l 22 and the proportion of amniotic alphafetoprotein that binds to concanavallin A.23-25 Another technique that works well in some,26 but not all, laboratories depends on the morphology and percentage of rapidly adhering cells in amniotic fluid. Direct visualisation of the fetus by fetoscopy27 is associated with a fetal mortality of 3-4% even in skilled hands, but the method is likely to be increasingly useful when the alternative might be termination without confirmation of a doubtful diagnosis.…”

Section: Difficulties In Interpreting Amniotic Alphafetoprotein Results-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal serum alphafetoprotein in pregnancy and the prevention of birth defect.

Harris¹

1980

BMJ

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“…For these pregnancies ultrasound examination revealed no obvious fetal abnormality. The amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein by RIA was within normal laboratory reference limits and there was no evidence of the acetyl cholinesterase isoenzyme band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (3,4).…”

Section: Normal Pregnanciesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of a Within-Day Solid-Phase Immunoradiometric Assay With a Solution-Phase Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of α-Fetoprotein in Amniotic Fluid

Coombes¹,

O’Connell²,

Grinter³

et al. 1986

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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l Summary: Using 231 amniotic fluid samples from a Regional Screening Service, the performance of a monoclonal antibody-based solid-phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for α-fetoprotein was compared with that of a polyclonal antiserum-based solution phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). α-Fetoprotein values determined from these samples by the two methods were in excellent agreement (r = 0.992) and the diagnostic performance of the two assays was identical. However, the IRMA assay displayed a greater working r nge than the RIA, and in addition was more rapid to perform, allowing within-day turnaround of laboratory results. Vergleich eines innerhalb eines Tages abgeschlossenen immunradiometrischen Festphasen-Assay mit einem in L sung ablaufenden Radioimmunoassay zur Bestimmung von a-Fetoprotein in FruchtwasserZusammenfassung: Wir verglichen an 231 Fruchtwasserproben aus einer regionalen Vorsorgeuntersuchung die Handhabung eines immunradiometrischen Festphasenassay (IRMA) auf Grundlage eines monoklonalen Antik rpers mit der eines in L sung ablaufenden Radioimmunassay (RIA) auf Grundlage eines polyklonalen Antiserums. Die mit beiden Methoden bestimmten Werte f r α-Fetoprotein stimmen hervorragend berein (r = 0,992) und die diagnostische Brauchbarkeit beider Verfahren war gleichwertig.Der immunradiometrische Assay er ffnet jedoch einen h heren Arbeitsbereich als der Radioimmunassay und ist zus tzlich schneller durchzuf hren, so da die Ergebnisse innerhalb eines Tages vorliegen und verwendet werden k nnen.

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Acetylcholinesterase in Human Amniotic Fluid: An Index of Fetal Neural Development?

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Acetylcholinesterase in Hirschsprung?s disease

Acetylcholinesterase in Hirschsprung?s disease

Maternal serum alphafetoprotein in pregnancy and the prevention of birth defect.

Comparison of a Within-Day Solid-Phase Immunoradiometric Assay With a Solution-Phase Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of α-Fetoprotein in Amniotic Fluid

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