Acetylcholine and Convulsive Activity

Hyde, Jane E.; Beckett, S; Gellhorn, E.

doi:10.1152/jn.1949.12.1.17

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A variety of additional actions of these mescaline analogs have been reported to occur in vivo (Epstein et al, 1932;Gunn et al, 1939;Loman et al, 1941 ;Hyde et al, 1949) and in vitro (Epstein et al, 1932;Gunn et al, 1939;Mann and Quastel, 1940;Ota, 1948;Ellis, 1949).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behavior in five species of laboratory animals

Hardman

Haavik

Seevers

1973

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

119

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dioxy-N,e-dimethyl-fl-phenylethylamine) has been studied in the mouse, rat and guinea pig following ip administration and in the mongrel dog and rhesus monkey following iv administration. The LD50 value for each agent has been determined in each species. For 7 of the 8 drugs tested the LD50 value is significantly lower in the rat than in the mouse or guinea pig. A comparison of the observable signs of drug action in the dog and monkey shows the dog to be the preferred species for evaluating the effects of these agents. The relevant literature regarding the actions of the drugs has been reviewed. Modifications in the mescaline structure which are represented by the 7 analogs and which alter pharmacologic activity include: decreased potency following removal of the 5-methoxy group or N-demethylation, and increased potency following alpha substitution on the side chain or introduction of the 3,4-methylenedioxy group. Mescaline was one of the first drugs recognized as having hallucinogenic properties. Although the effects of mescaline in man have been described by many investigators (Stockings, 1940; Hock, 1951), the mechanisms by which mescaline alters central nervous system function are not yet clear. It has been suggested that the psychotomimetic action may arise owing to competition for adrenergic receptors (Ratcliffe, 1971; Speck, 1957), or cholinergic receptors (Clemente and Lynch, 1968), and that psychotomimetic action may result from metabolism in vivo to form an active material (Block et aL, 1952). 1 The investigations reported here were performed at the University of Michigan and supported by Army Chemical Center Contract DA-18-108-CML-5663 during the period 1953-54. The reports were declassified in October 1969.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behavior in five species of laboratory animals

Hardman

Haavik

Seevers

1973

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

119

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“…Convulsions began after this recovery had taken place, and they ceased when the ACh level had once more fallen to about 40% of normal. They can be started again by application of ACh to the cerebral cortex (Hyde, Beckett, & Gellhorn, 1949). That ACh-release also accompanies human convulsions is suggested by the fact that ACh is found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients undergoing convulsions (Tower & Mc-Eachern, 1949).…”

Section: Release During Neural Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic synaptic transmission and its relationship to behavior.

Reeves¹

1966

Psychological Bulletin

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Neuropharmacological evidence reviewed strongly suggests that acetylcholine (ACh) is a transmitter substance at many brain synapses. Behavioral evidence gives further support for this hypothesis. Rats with genetically high ACh levels learn consistently faster than rats from low-ACh strains, though only when massed trials are employed; the specific differences can be interpreted in terms of the theory of reverberation and consolidation of neural circuits. Other evidence suggests that a cholinergic system plays some role in the mediation of reinforcement and/or elimination of nonreinforced responses.

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“…Physostigmine and neostigmine, but not DFP, have been found to enhance the convulsogenic actions of several compounds, including pentamethylenetetrazol, picrotoxin, and strychnine (HYDE et al 1949). However, atropine in moderate doses does not antagonize the actions of strychnine on the brain and spinal cord of the cat (WESCOE and GREEN 1948).…”

Section: Stimulation and Depression Of Brain Stem And Cerebral Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Antagonists of the Anticholinesterase Agents

Wills¹

1963

Cholinesterases and Anticholinesterase Agents

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Acetylcholine and Convulsive Activity

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behavior in five species of laboratory animals

Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behavior in five species of laboratory animals

Cholinergic synaptic transmission and its relationship to behavior.

Pharmacological Antagonists of the Anticholinesterase Agents

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