Acetylcholine

Rand, James B.

doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.131.1

Cited by 167 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Since muscle contraction is induced via ACh, we tested the muscles' physiological state using the ionotropic ACh receptor agonist levamisole (LEV) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb. Acute LEV application directly induces muscle hypercontraction paralysis 36,37 . Whereas because acetylcholinesterase functions to hydrolyse ACh after its release into the synaptic cleft 38 , aldicarb indirectly induce hypercontraction paralysis through build-up of an unhydrolysed neurotransmitter.…”

Section: Tmc-1 Functions To Retard Growth On Cemmmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMC-1 attenuates C. elegans development and sexual behaviour in a chemically defined food environment

et al. 2015

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Although diet affects growth and behaviour, the adaptive mechanisms that coordinate these processes in non-optimal food sources are unclear. Here we show that the C. elegans tmc-1 channel, which is homologous to the mammalian tmc deafness genes, attenuates development and inhibits sexual behaviour in non-optimal food, the synthetic CeMM medium. In CeMM medium, signalling from the pharyngeal MC neurons and body wall muscles slows larval development. However, in the non-standard diet, mutation in tmc-1 accelerates development, by impairing the excitability of these cells. The tmc-1 larva can immediately generate ATP when fed CeMM, and their fast development requires insulin signalling. Our findings suggest that the tmc-1 channel indirectly affects metabolism in wild-type animals. In addition to regulating the development, we show that mutating tmc-1 can relax diet-induced inhibition of male sexual behaviour, thus indicating that a single regulator can be genetically modified to promote growth rate and reproductive success in new environments.

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Section: Tmc-1 Functions To Retard Growth On Cemmmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMC-1 attenuates C. elegans development and sexual behaviour in a chemically defined food environment

et al. 2015

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“…6, ϪDA Bs). Other A-neurons are cholinergic, but we were unable to test whether these neurons use cholinergic transmission to induce tail ventral curling because acetylcholine is made by many neurons in the nervous system and mutants are severely uncoordinated (for review, see Rand, 2007).…”

Section: A-and B-neurons Use Different Neurotransmitters To Regulate mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Robustness ofCaenorhabditis elegansMale Mating Behavior Depends on the Distributed Properties of Ray Sensory Neurons and Their Output through Core and Male-Specific Targets

Koo

Bian²,

Sherlekar³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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Many evolutionarily significant behaviors, such as mating, involve dynamic interactions with animate targets. This raises the question of what features of neural circuit design are essential to support these complex types of behavior. The Caenorhabditis elegans male uses 18 ray sensilla of the tail to coordinate mate apposition behavior, which facilitates a systematic search of the hermaphrodite surface for the vulva. Precisely how ray neuron types, A and B, robustly endow the male with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision is unknown. We show that the appositional postures that drive the search trajectory reflect the complex interplay of ray neuron type-induced motor outputs. Cell-type-specific ablations reveal that the A-neurons are required for all appositional postures. Their activity is instructive because the A-neurons can induce scanning-and turning-like appositional postures when artificially activated with channelrhodopsin (ChR2). B-neurons are essential only for initiation of the behavior in which they enhance male responsiveness to hermaphrodite contact. When artificially activated using ChR2, A-and B-neurons produce different tail ventral curl postures. However, when coactivated, A-neuron posture dominates, limiting B-neuron contributions to initiation or subsequent postures. Significantly, males lacking the majority of rays retain a high degree of postural control, indicating significant functional resilience in the system. Furthermore, eliminating a large number of male-specific ray neuron targets only partially attenuates tail posture control revealing that gender-common cells make an important contribution to the behavior. Thus, robustness may be a crucial feature of circuits underlying complex behaviors, such as mating, even in simple animals. IntroductionHow animals sense the relevant features of their environment and translate this information into appropriate motor responses is perhaps the overarching question in neuroscience. Ultimate and proximate mechanisms underlying mating success and the transmission of heritable information to the next generation is a central concern for evolutionary biology. The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model system for exploring the molecular and cellular underpinnings of these two fundamental questions. Many studies of C. elegans behavior (for example, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and mechanosensation) use hermaphrodites in simple behavioral assays (for review, see Bargmann, 2006;Goodman, 2006;Garrity et al., 2010). These behaviors are mediated by relatively few sensory receptor cells with limited in-built redundancy (Chalfie and Sulston, 1981;Bargmann and Horvitz, 1991;Biron et al., 2008). However, many evolutionarily significant behaviors involve dynamic interactions with animate targets. This raises the question of what features of neural circuit design are essential for supporting these more complex types of behavior. C. elegans male mating behavior consists of a carefully orchestrated sequence of sensorimotor transformati...

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“…The psycho-behavioural anomalies like sleep disorders and rapid eye movement during sleep have been linked with Ach function. Ach dysregulation is responsible for Myasthenia Gravis, chronic fatigue and depression [81,82]. Auto-antibodies against acetylcholine receptors cause muscle weakness and fatigue in Myasthenia Gravis.…”

Section: Role Of Acetylcholine In Psychobehavioural Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation results in inhibition of proper acetylcholine signal transmission [83]. Deficiency of Ach is generally expressed through several psycho-behavioural signs like low energy levels, fatigue, memory loss, cognitive decline, learning disabilities, muscle aches, nerve damage, and frequent mood swings [81,82].Generally, Ach level decreases with age; as a result, sporadic loss of short-term memory occurs. However, drastic loss of Ach (~90%) is evident in AD, where deteriorating cognition and behavioural function are evident.…”

Section: Role Of Acetylcholine In Psychobehavioural Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemicals, Behaviours and Psychiatric Perspectives of Neurological Diseases

Choudhury¹,

Sahu²,

Ramanujam³

et al. 2018

Neuropsychiatry

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Structural changes in different regions of the brain have become clinically relevant and regarded as the signature phenomenon for neurological diseases. Morphological changes in brain are also associated with neuronal and neurochemical alterations. Studies have showed that minute changes in neurochemical levels may have marked impact on the psychobehaviour of the subject. Several neurological disease profiles have been reported with such specific psychobehavioural expression. However, application of behavioural abnormalities as possible disease progress markers has not been considered and emphasised much. Reports suggested that-the subjects, who have already entered into the terminal stage of the disease, used to show cardinal behavioural signs for a specific disease profile. However, psychological expressions are comparatively early expressive. As most of the neurodegenerative disorders are unidirectional and progressive by nature, therapeutic intervention at the right time is essential for attaining the desired outcome. Moreover, early diagnosis can aid in managing the disease progression also. Psychobehavioural analysis could meet the expected outcome of disease diagnosis if implemented properly and timely. In the present review, we have amalgamated the reported behavioural anomalies with the supportive background from neurochemical basis. Further, we have concluded that behaviour centric studies could be a potential diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of major neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Impulse control disorder (ICD) and Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

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Acetylcholine

Cited by 167 publications

References 45 publications

TMC-1 attenuates C. elegans development and sexual behaviour in a chemically defined food environment

TMC-1 attenuates C. elegans development and sexual behaviour in a chemically defined food environment

The Robustness ofCaenorhabditis elegansMale Mating Behavior Depends on the Distributed Properties of Ray Sensory Neurons and Their Output through Core and Male-Specific Targets

Neurochemicals, Behaviours and Psychiatric Perspectives of Neurological Diseases

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