Acellular Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts

Li, Zhen; Li, Xinda; Xu, Tao; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.3390/app9142864

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The burst pressure of the grafts was 1500 ± 150 mmHg; however, it was less than the minimum burst pressure that was evident in human native blood vessels (1700 mmHg). Similar good patency and cell infiltration results of hybrid acellular vascular grafts have been reported in the literature [144][145][146][147].…”

Section: Hybrid Polymerssupporting

confidence: 85%

Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering

et al. 2020

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The increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises one of the most lethal groups of non-communicable disorders worldwide. It has been estimated that in Europe, the healthcare cost for the administration of CVD is more than 169 billion €. Common manifestations involve the narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. The replacement of damaged vessels with autologous grafts represents one of the applied therapeutic approaches in CVD. However, significant drawbacks are accompanying the above procedure; therefore, the exploration of alternative vessel sources must be performed. Engineered SDVGs can be produced through the utilization of non-degradable/degradable and naturally derived materials. Decellularized vessels represent also an alternative valuable source for the development of SDVGs. In this review, a great number of SDVG engineering approaches will be highlighted. Importantly, the state-of-the-art methodologies, which are currently employed, will be comprehensively presented. A discussion summarizing the key marks and the future perspectives of SDVG engineering will be included in this review. Taking into consideration the increased number of patients with CVD, SDVG engineering may assist significantly in cardiovascular reconstructive surgery and, therefore, the overall improvement of patients’ life.

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Section: Hybrid Polymerssupporting

confidence: 85%

Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, it contributed to the steady neointimal hyperplasia progression and lower stabilization levels of neointimal hyperplasia at later time points. 199 Using gel spinning, Rodriguez et al 119 fabricated a vascular conduit from a low concentration silk solution with optimized porosity and mechanical properties. The fabricated grafts showed compliance values (3.3 mmHg × 10 –2 ) comparable to those of the saphenous vein in vitro, and increasing the porosity also increased the cell colonization rate.…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia In Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

2022

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Small-diameter artificial vascular grafts (SDAVG) are used to bypass blood flow in arterial occlusive diseases such as coronary heart or peripheral arterial disease. However, SDAVGs are plagued by restenosis after a short while due to thrombosis and the thickening of the neointimal wall known as intimal hyperplasia (IH). The specific causes of IH have not yet been deduced; however, thrombosis formation due to bioincompatibility as well as a mismatch between the biomechanical properties of the SDAVG and the native artery has been attributed to its initiation. The main challenges that have been faced in fabricating SDAVGs are facilitating rapid re-endothelialization of the luminal surface of the SDAVG and replicating the complex viscoelastic behavior of the arteries. Recent strategies to combat IH formation have been mostly based on imitating the natural structure and function of the native artery (biomimicry). Thus, most recently, developed grafts contain a multilayered structure with a designated function for each layer. This paper reviews the current polymeric, biomimetic SDAVGs in preventing the formation of IH. The materials used in fabrication, challenges, and strategies employed to tackle IH are summarized and discussed, and we focus on the multilayered structure of current SDAVGs. Additionally, the future aspects in this area are pointed out for researchers to consider in their endeavor.

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“…Nowadays, some commercial artificial blood vessels such as Dacron or e-PTFE grafts have been commonly used for vascular repair [ 44 ]. However, the artificial grafts occurred failure for long-term patency and especially for the small-diameter vascular application, because the small-diameter vascular graft increased the danger of thrombosis and occlusion [ 45 ]. In the recent years, tissue-engineered scaffolds based on nanofibers have been developed and employed in different biomedical applications [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests

et al. 2021

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Background: Electrospun fibers have attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to their several characteristics, such as a very thin diameter, three-dimensional topography, large surface area, flexible surface, good mechanical characteristics, suitable for widespread applications. Indeed, electro-spinning offers many benefits, such as great surface-to-volume ratio, adjustable porosity, and the ability of imitating the tissue extra-cellular matrix. Methods: we processed Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) via electrospinning for the production of bilayered tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering application. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were seeded into the two side of the scaffolds: endothelial cells onto the inner side composed of PCL/Gelatin fibers able to mimic the inner surface of the vessels, and fibroblasts onto the outer side only exposing PCL fibers. Extracellular matrix production and organization has been performed by means of classical immunofluorescence against collagen type I fibers, Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM) has been performed in order to evaluated ultrastructural morphology, gene expression by means gene expression has been performed to evaluate the phenotype of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Results and conclusion: results confirmed that both cells population are able to conserve their phenotype colonizing the surface supporting the hypothesis that PCL scaffolds based on electrospun fibers should be a good candidate for vascular surgery.

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Acellular Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering

Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering

Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests

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