ACE, angiotensinogen and obesity: a potential pathway leading to hypertension

Abstract

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role and angiotensinogen levels, this relationship persisted in the regulation of fluid volume, thereby influencing for ACE in multivariate analyses controlling for BP, blood pressure (BP). Obesity is an important risk factor hypertension status, age, and gender. The for hypertension, however the physiologic basis for this insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene was relationship has not been clarified. In a population surassociated with variation in the levels of ACE, but inconvey we examined the potential relationship between the sistently with body mass index. Variants of the angio-RAS and obesity. Based on community sampling, 449 tensinogen gene leading to amino acid substitutions at individuals were recruited from metropolitan Kingston, positions 174 and 235 did not influence levels either of Jamaica. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) angiotensinogen or obesity. These data suggest that and circulating angiotensinogen levels were measured obesity may alter the levels of ACE and angiotensinand the associated genes were typed for previously ogen, and provide a potential pathway through which described polymorphisms. Obese individuals (body obesity leads to elevation of BP. mass index Ͼ31) had significantly higher serum ACE

Interaction of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism and Daily Salt Intake Influences Hypertension in Japanese Men

“…Adipose tissue has its own local RAAS (49). The plasma ACE level has been positively correlated with BMI (28). High salt intake has been strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in overweight persons, but not in non-overweight persons (50).…”

“…Our results indicated that the latter type of study may more faithfully reflect the role of habitual salt intake in inducing hypertension. Since overweight is a risk for hypertension, and obesity is known to be associated with higher serum ACE levels (28,29), we also considered this factor in our analysis.…”

Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Obese Adolescents: Relations to Cardiovascular Fitness, Percent Body Fat, and Visceral Adiposity, and Effects of Physical Training

“…Obesity may activate the renin-angiotensin-system; a local renin-angiotensin system has been identified within adipose tissue. 26 -28 Cooper et al 29 found that the angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen were increased in obese subjects, implying an increased production of angiotensin II (Ang II). It has been recognized that Ang II elicits vaso- constrictive and trophic effects in the cardiovascular system.…”

The relation between obesity, abdominal fat deposit and the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and its association with coronary heart disease

“…Furthermore, different epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen, 19 renin plasma activity, 20 ACE plasma activity 21 and BMI. A relation between overweight, abdominal fat deposit and weight gain with the presence of the DD genotype of the ACE gene has recently been demonstrated in an Italian population.…”