Accurate Modeling of the Microwave Treatment of Works of Art

Pierdicca, Roberto; Paolanti, Marina; Bacchiani, Roberto; Лео, Роберто Де; Bisceglia, Bruno; Frontoni, Emanuele

doi:10.3390/su11061606

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the future, it would be useful to explore other ceramic-based materials filled with different ions, which would increase thermal conductivity while reducing diffusivity. The practical use of microwave devices is their safety [31][32][33]. The presented microwave reactor has been thoroughly tested for microwaves leakage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can see that the required electrical input decreases, suggesting that less electrical energy is required to maintain thermal comfort (22 °C), or in other words, the walls and furniture also contributed to the room heating. The practical use of microwave devices is their safety [31][32][33]. The presented microwave reactor has been thoroughly tested for microwaves leakage.…”

Section: Bauxitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective Ecological and Cheap Heating of Dwelling Spaces

et al. 2019

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The sustainability of human civilization depends largely on green energy management. This work represents one way to achieve this goal. The work is devoted to converting microwave radiation to heat. The article analyses different ways of heating residential and utility areas. Materials suitable for converting microwave radiation to heat from ceramic composites, concretes, fire clays, and bauxite with water glass are enclosed. For all materials we have measured DTA/TG (Differential Thermal Analysis/Thermogravimetric Analysis) curves, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) patterns, chemical composition of samples, the specific heat capacity c p [J/kg.K], thermal conductivity k [W/m.K] and diffusivity α [m 2 /s -1 ]. The cooling curves of these materials after microwave heating are characterized in detail. The paper also presents a description and construction of a microwave reactor together with the parameters of the living space heating.Sustainability 2020, 12, 55 2 of 15 and oceans or the environment. The most suitable sources of this origin for heating modern homes are solar energy and energy from biomass. Wind energy is less advantageous; it can rather attract enthusiasts but its potential for family houses is not so great simply because such types need an open environment exposed to appropriate weather conditions. However, as mentioned, placing an object in such an environment increases the heat loss. The solution would be expensive and complicated, which would not pay off. Solar energy, on the other hand, is useable with a good potential in almost every family house or industry. The solar radiation after the impact on the surface area creates values from 1000 to 1250 kWh per year, thus using a photovoltaic panel or solar collectors can heat a household. Photovoltaic panels in the form of a sunroof have also entered the market, making use of two functions. There are also various collectors-window or wall. The window collector has a thickness of 20 to 30 cm and corresponds to a double window. Heat accumulated in the cavity is then consequently transferred to the storage tank by gravity or by a fan.Radiation heat has already been used for many centuries. A typical conventional heat is supplied, for instance, by a radiator or a typical electric heater (convector), through heating the air in its neighbourhood. At their surface temperature of 90 • C, infrared panel heaters radiate at the wavelength of approximately 9 to 10 µm, which is a suitable component for the human organism, influencing the growth of organism cells and psychological comfort.Microwave electromagnetic radiation represents another very efficient method of radiation heating. As opposed to other heating methods, higher temperatures can be achieved by a dielectric heating inside the heating body instead of on its surface [16][17][18].This paper contains an experimental analysis of the physical aspects of the conversion of microwaves to heat, while ensuring the safety of such a process. Specific ceramic materials were selected and experimentally checked for such a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bauxitementioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Ecological and Cheap Heating of Dwelling Spaces

et al. 2019

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“…Drawbacks of microwave heating are the presence of highly heated areas (hot spots) or areas with poor radiation caused by specific shapes. To overcome these problems, Pierdicca and colleagues [ 79 ] proposed a mathematical model predicting the distribution of heating power in heritage material to determine the optimal exposure conditions, exposure time, and power to be employed.…”

Section: Physical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

2020

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The microbial deterioration of cultural heritage includes physical and chemical damage as well as aesthetic alteration. With the technological advancement, a plethora of techniques for removing unwanted microorganisms have opened up new opportunities for microbiologists and conservators. This article reviews the most applied, up-to-date, and sustainable techniques developed for the control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration presenting noteworthy case studies. These techniques include chemical methods, i.e., traditional biocides and nanoparticles; physical methods, such as mechanical removal, UV irradiation, gamma radiation, laser cleaning, heat shocking, microwaves, and dry ice treatment; and biological methods, such as natural molecules with biocidal activity, enzymes, and microorganisms. The application of control systems requires the comprehension of their behavior toward the unwanted microorganisms and possible interactions with the heritage materials. This overview shows also the control methods drawbacks for the purpose of creating awareness in selecting the most suitable technique or combination of techniques.

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“…All models assessed in this study engaged with theory to some extent, with theory as a representation of the processes of change e.g. [37,38]. In most models, theory focused on processes in a specific context.…”

Section: (I) Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transfer of heritage modelling from research to practice

Richards

Brimblecombe

2022

Herit Sci

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Heritage science is an inherently practice-oriented field that aims to support our understanding, and conservation, of heritage. Research is commonly undertaken using laboratory or field-based methodologies, but given the ethical and scale constraints, over time and space, of these approaches, process-based models should provide a tool for exploring practical solutions. Unlike other fields, such as climate science and ecology, there appears limited engagement with modelling within heritage science. The characteristics and use of processed-based models published in the field is examined to explore tensions in using models to transfer understanding between research and practice. By examining models that investigate interactions between heritage materials and environment, we find that, at best, model outputs may be used by other researchers or occasionally by heritage institutions; or more commonly, the model’s existence is used as a justification of research, yet without meaningful engagement within either the academic and heritage practitioner communities. Some models are unlikely to be used in practice as they have been developed at spatial or temporal scales incompatible with being truly applicable to objects or sites, or can seem to advance theory without engaging with practice. The uptake of models by researchers who rerun or change the code is rare. Models that seem to gain substantial use appear to benefit from graphical user interfaces that make them easy to run. Evidence of models in solving real-world conservation problems is hard to find. This may arise because practical applications are rarely reported in academic journal literature and open access publications. There is some evidence they are revealed in conferences and possibly internal heritage organisation reports, but this gray literature doesn’t readily feedback into the development and refinement of existing models. It is likely the use of models would increase if mechanisms were available to support the development of user interfaces, training workshops and the ability of practical use cases to be fed back to the modelling community.

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Accurate Modeling of the Microwave Treatment of Works of Art

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Effective Ecological and Cheap Heating of Dwelling Spaces

Effective Ecological and Cheap Heating of Dwelling Spaces

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

The transfer of heritage modelling from research to practice

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