Accurate and uniform fabrication of Li2TiO3 pebbles with high properties based on Stereolithography technology

Cai, Liang; Hu, Xin; Tan, Guangfan; Li, Guangbin; Zhang, Yingchun

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.10.050

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the studied samples of ceramics synthesized with different dopant concentrations. In the case of dopant-free ceramics, the nature of the position of diffraction reflections, as well as the ratio of intensities, indicates that the synthesized ceramics are Li 2 TiO 3 structures with a monoclinic type of crystal lattice and space group C12/c1 (15). At the same time, the ratios of the areas of reflections and background radiation were analyzed, making it possible to determine the crystal structure perfection degree; it was found that the synthesized ceramics have a high structural ordering degree of more than 90%, and their crystal structures had low porosity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a rule, structures of the Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 2 SiO 3 , and Li 2 ZrO 3 types are chosen as lithium-containing ceramics; these structures have a combination of physicochemical and structural properties that make it possible to use them for tritium production [6][7][8][9][10]. At the same time, one of the key requirements for lithium-containing ceramics based on titanates and silicates is an increased resistance to mechanical and radiation damage in the case of their operation in the production of tritium [11][12][13][14][15]. To this end, in the past few years, various options for modification or doping have been proposed to increase stability and productivity, as well as to preserve the materials' structural and strength properties during production of tritium and its absorption and desorption [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

Kozlovskiy

Zdorovets

Khametova

et al. 2022

Gels

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Lithium-containing ceramics have several great potential uses for tritium production, as well as its accumulation. However, their use is limited due to their poor resistance to external influences, mechanical pressure, and temperature changes. In this work, initial nanostructured ceramic powders were obtained using the sol-gel method, by mixing TiO2 and LiClO4·3H2O with the subsequent addition of NiO nanoparticles to the reaction mixture; these powders were subsequently subjected to thermal annealing at a temperature of 1000 °C for 10 h. Thermal annealing was used to initiate the phase transformation processes, and to remove structural distortions resulting from synthesis. During the study, it was found that the addition of NiO nanoparticles leads to the formation of solid solutions by a type of Li0.94Ni1.04Ti2.67O7 substitution, which leads to an increase in the crystallinity and structural ordering degree. At the same time, the grain sizes of the synthesized ceramics change their shape from rhomboid to spherical. During analysis of the strength characteristics, it was found that the formation of Li0.94Ni1.04Ti2.67O7 in the structure leads to an increase in hardness and crack resistance; this change is associated with dislocation. When analyzing changes in resistance to cracking, it was found that, during the formation of the Li0.94Ni1.04Ti2.67O7 phase in the structure and the subsequent displacement of the Li2TiO3 phase from the composition, the crack resistance increases by 15% and 37%, respectively, which indicates an increase in the resistance of ceramics to cracking and the formation of microcracks under external influences. This hardening and the reinforcing effect are associated with the replacement of lithium ions by nickel ions in the crystal lattice structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

Kozlovskiy

Zdorovets

Khametova

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…series and is widely studied with abroad industrial application prospects, such as microwave dielectric, cation conductor, red phosphor, solid tritium breeder, and coating material for cathode 1–6 . Due to the superior overall performance, including suitable lithium density, promising tritium release rate, good mechanical properties, and low chemical reactivity, Li 2 TiO 3 has been gaining meticulous attention and multitudinous exploration as a leading solid tritium breeder material in fusion technology 7–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Due to the superior overall performance, including suitable lithium density, promising tritium release rate, good mechanical properties, and low chemical reactivity, Li 2 TiO 3 has been gaining meticulous attention and multitudinous exploration as a leading solid tritium breeder material in fusion technology. [7][8][9][10] The main function of tritium breeder ceramic pebbles is to produce tritium by lithium transmutation under neutron irradiation. For this purpose, the lithium density of the Li 2 TiO 3 should be enhanced to achieve a higher tritium breeding ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Guo

Shi

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Doping and forming solid solution is an effective approach to tailor densification and grain growth. In this study, submicron Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 solid solution ceramics was successfully fabricated by a modified solid‐state route for the first time. The use of appropriate starting powders can greatly reduce the synthesis temperature, and the preparation of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 with submicron grain size is possible. The substitution of Ti by Zr will inhibit the phase transition from cubic to monoclinic structure, as well as the grain growth and pore removal. By doping 10‐at.% Zr, the grain size was significantly decreased from several μm to 400 nm at 900°C, which contributes to a high conductivity eight times that of pure Li2TiO3. Moreover, after being heated at 900°C for 10 days, the grain size of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 only increases to 5 μm; however, the grains of Li2TiO3 grows up to 16 μm with abnormal grain growth. The compositions of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 are high uniform with no element segregation, indicating the sluggish grain growth rate is caused by the slow diffusion of Zr rather than segregation‐induced solute drag. By adding excess Li and two‐step sintering, the Li‐rich Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 ceramic pebbles with high crush load of 50–60 N and small grain size of 300–500 nm were successfully fabricated. This work demonstrates a simple method for the synthesis of Li2(Ti,Zr)O3, which makes this material more widely accessible for exploration and also help accelerate its engineering application to be an advanced solid breeder.

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“…To realize the fuel cycle of the fusion reactor, it is necessary to provide tritium through the nuclear reaction of tritium breeding materials and neutrons [4][5][6][7][8]. Li 2 TiO 3 solid breeding ceramic is regarded as an ideal tritium breeding material due to its good chemical stability, reasonable irradiation stability and satisfactory tritium recovery at low temperatures [9][10][11][12][13]. However, researchers have found that the mass of Li 2 TiO 3 will decrease over time in a H 2 atmosphere [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 Core-shell Breeding Ceramic Under Harsh Operating Conditions

Chen

Katayama

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The development of novel tritium breeding materials was urgently needed in order to continuously optimize the tritium breeding ratio (TBR) of thermonuclear fusion reactors. From this point of view, Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 core-shell breeding materials with more reasonable structure and theoretical Li density of 0.464 g/cm3 were prepared in this work. Notably, the mass transfer experiment at 900 °C in 1% H2/Ar shows that the theoretical Li density of this core-shell material after heating for 30 days was significantly higher than that of other breeding materials, indicating that it can provide more stable and efficient TBR. Specifically, the Li mass loss of the sample after 30 days heating was 3.4%, resulting in a decrease of Li density to 0.415 g/cm3. The mechanism of Li mass loss in Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 core-shell breeding materials was investigated in detail. Moreover, the samples did not crack or collapse during the long-term heating process, and always maintained a satisfactory crushing load, revealing that this core-shell breeding ceramic can be used for a long time under severe operating conditions.

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Accurate and uniform fabrication of Li2TiO3 pebbles with high properties based on Stereolithography technology

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Mass Transfer Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 Core-shell Breeding Ceramic Under Harsh Operating Conditions

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Accurate and uniform fabrication of Li2TiO3 pebbles with high properties based on Stereolithography technology

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics

Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li2(Ti,Zr)O3 solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate

Mass Transfer Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 Core-shell Breeding Ceramic Under Harsh Operating Conditions

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Fabrication of submicron Li‐rich Li₂(Ti,Zr)O₃ solid solution ceramics with sluggish grain growth rate