Accuracy of wind farm visualisations: The effect of focal length on perceived accuracy

Takacs, Berill; Goulden, Marisa

doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2019.01.001

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As wave height is a dynamic value that may vary in a significant way for every wind turbine inside each farm, depending on several different factors, the paper is focused on the other main conditioners: the depth of the seabed and the distance from the coast. The development of new technologies and manufacturing and construction procedures [52], together with the increase in the size of wind farms and turbines and the increase in society's awareness of visual and environmental impacts [53,54], has led to the displacement of these installations further from the coastline, as it can be seen in Figure 2 (the size of the bubbles represents the capacity installed). Other factors to consider are the typology of the stratum of the seabed on which engineers support the foundations [50], possible impacts to shipping routes or other offshore installations, and sea climate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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show abstract

“…Correlation is the wrong measure of whether a change in a view is significant-Cohen's d is more appropriate [40,44]. There is recent research that indicates that photographs systematically underestimate visual impacts as judged in the field [45,46]. In addition, we need to determine the most valid way to present simulations.…”

Section: Test the Validity Of Via Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diversity of Approaches to Visual Impact Assessment

Palmer¹

2022

Land

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Within the broad field of landscape assessment, scholarship focused on visual impacts accounted for a very small percentage of peer-reviewed journal articles. There has been even less interest in reviewing the methods being employed to conduct visual impact assessments (VIA) as part of the development permitting process. The purpose of this review has been to show that VIA is not a uniform concept and includes a rich diversity of methods. Six diverse methods are described in some detail, including the assessment instruments, and then comments on the apparent dimensions of this diversity are made. The discussion compares the objectives, criteria, indicators, and standards used by these methods. It also considers whether the VIA is conducted using quantitative or qualitative measurements, professional or public assessors, and a geographic information system (GIS) or key observation point (KOP) framework. It concludes with a discussion of recommendations concerning identifying a gold standard against which to evaluate the VIA methods, the use of multiple methods in a VIA, and the need for research that evaluates the validity and reliability of tools and indicators as they are used in VIA.

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“…These were included in questionnaires, and respondents were asked to evaluate the aesthetic value of the landscapes. Takacs and Goulden (2019) used photomontage to add turbines on a photograph of a landscape for VIA and noticed that camera lens focal length affects the perception of the scale of wind turbines; results show that panoramic photomontages are perceived as the least accurate, whereas images taken at 75 mm focal length in full-frame format are perceived as the most accurate form of representation of the scale and visual impact of wind turbines focal length. Maslov et al (2017) developed a methodology to assess the degree of visibility of an offshore wind farm from an observer located along the coast; an index of horizon occupation was determined by considering the projection of several distinguishable turbines (installed in Saint-Nazaire in Northwest France) on a plane perpendicular to the sight direction.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Visual Impact Of The Blue Energy Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Blue Energy in Maritime Spatial Planning of Mediterranean Regions

et al. 2022

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Blue Energy (BE) is expected to play a strategic role in the energy transition of Europe, particularly toward the 2050 horizon. It refers to a set of Marine Energy Sources (MES), including offshore wind, waves, tides, marine currents, sea thermal energy, salinity gradients, and marine biomass, which are exploited by different BE technologies. Nevertheless, the implementation of integrated solutions to exploit MES in marine areas does not just concern technological issues; it requires inclusive planning practices considering different aspects regarding climate and environmental impacts, landscape compatibility, interference with other marine activities (such as shipping, fishing, and tourism), and social acceptance. A replicable BE planning framework has been developed based on interdisciplinary knowledge in three Mediterranean sites in Greece, Croatia, and Cyprus, under the scope of the Interreg Med BLUE DEAL project. It has been implemented by some interdisciplinary experts through a collaborative and iterative process of data elaboration, mapping, evaluation, and visualization. Results concern the localization of suitable sites to install BE plants and the estimation of potential energy production and avoided emissions in selected scenarios. Together with visual simulations, this study shows the potential effects of the implementation of BE in specific marine areas, with a special focus on the most promising offshore floating wind farms and wave energy converters (WECs), as basic information for participative design and stakeholder engagement initiatives, including public authorities, businesses, and citizens.

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Accuracy of wind farm visualisations: The effect of focal length on perceived accuracy

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

A Diversity of Approaches to Visual Impact Assessment

Integrating Blue Energy in Maritime Spatial Planning of Mediterranean Regions

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