Accuracy of Turbidimetric Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay for the Recovery of Endotoxin Interacted with Commonly Used Antimicrobial Agents of Endodontic Therapy

Influence of apical enlargement and complementary canal preparation with the Self‐Adjusting File on endotoxin reduction in retreatment cases

“…The turbidimetric test/LAL assay, which presents a wide range of detection (0.01–100 EU mL −1 ), is both sensitive and suitable for the recovery of minimal amounts of endotoxin, even after contact with endodontic irrigants (Marinho et al . ).…”

“…Although paper point sampling collects only what is displaced from the canal into the paper point and does not provide information on inaccessible parts of the root canal, it has been shown to be a valid method for endotoxin level quantification in primary and secondary endodontic infections using the LAL technique . The turbidimetric test/ LAL assay, which presents a wide range of detection (0.01-100 EU mL À1 ), is both sensitive and suitable for the recovery of minimal amounts of endotoxin, even after contact with endodontic irrigants (Marinho et al 2015).…”

Efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite in the reduction of microbial content and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection

“…Several instrumentation systems have been developed to achieve maximum disinfection of the root canal (Marinho et al , Tomson & Simon ). Despite the development of instrument systems with new thermal treatment, design and kinematics, disinfection of the root canal continues to be extremely challenging, probably due to the presence of lateral canals, isthmuses, apical deltas, curvatures, and dentinal tubules (Marinho et al , , Siqueira et al ).…”

“…Irrigation is essential to optimize root canal disinfection by reaching areas untouched during mechanical instrumentation (Marinho et al , ). Therefore, irrigating solutions need to be in direct contact with the entire root canal wall and have good penetration capacity (Plotino et al , de Gregorio et al , Duque et al , Urban et al ).…”

An in vitro study on the efficacy of removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canal systems in root canal therapy

“…2 Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] has been widely used as an intracanal medication owing to its good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. 2 However, some studies have indicated that Ca(OH) 2 inactivates endotoxin 3 and impedes the increase in cytokine chemical inflammatory mediators 4, 5 to inhibit periapical inflammation after a root canal cleaning procedure.…”