Accuracy of circulating cathodic antigen tests for rapid mapping of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Southern Sudan

Abstract

The poor CCA accuracy for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis means that this test is currently not suitable for rapid mapping of schistosomiasis in areas where both S. mansoni and S. haematobium may be endemic.

Evaluation of microscopical and serological techniques in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection at Sennar State, Central Sudan

“…Similar findings have been reported by other researchers [22,25] . In this study, the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was found to be significantly higher among the boys (33%) than that of in the girls (12%).…”

“…Furthermore, worldwide studies have been determined the prevalence of S. mansoni infection. For example, the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was up to 62.2% among the schoolchildren in Tanzania [20] , 60.5% in Kenya [21] , 24.5% in Southern Sudan [22] , 20.3% in Côte d'Ivoire among preschool-aged children [7] , 23.7% in Brazil [23] and 26.3% in Ethiopia [24] . These results with our finding reflecting that there were various geographical distributions of S. mansoni infections, indicating the needs to implement eradication programs in many endemic areas.…”

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

“…The CCA test has some limitations in detecting S. haematobium infection but is effective in areas where only S. mansoni infections occur (178)(179)(180). The poor accuracy of the CCA test for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis means that the test may be unsuitable for rapid mapping of schistosomiasis in areas where S. mansoni and S. haematobium are coendemic (181). However, a technically improved CCA strip test has proved more successful in diagnosing urinary schistosomiasis (182).…”

Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni without the Stool: Comparison of Three Diagnostic Tests to Detect Schiostosoma mansoni Infection from Filtered Urine in Zambia

“…Positivity of CCA is strongly correlated with S. mansoni infection intensities 10 and sensitivity of CCA decreases in low infection settings; light to moderate infections are frequently seen as negative by reagent strip test. 11,16 Moreover, CCA is also prone to produce false positive results 17 and inaccurately estimates disease prevalence 13 to light S. mansoni infections. As MDA initiatives expand in many countries, the subsequent decline in schistosome infection will require a more sensitive diagnostic test for S. mansoni.…”