Accuracy of a salivary examination kit for the screening of periodontal disease in a group medical check-up (Japanese-specific health check-up)

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of a screening method using salivary tests to screen for periodontal disease. In total, 1888 individuals older than 30 years in 2017 and 2296 in 2018 who underwent medical check-ups for metabolic syndrome agreed to participate and simultaneously underwent a dental examination by dentists and salivary tests. Salivary occult blood, protein, and ammonia levels and white blood cell counts were evaluated in salivary tests using commercially available kits. The relationship between the results of the salivary tests and dental examination was examined and classification performance was analyzed. The prevalence of periodontal disease was 69.9% in 2017 and 66.8% in 2018. Salivary ammonia showed the highest classification performance in both years (sensitivity 83.5 and 83.1%, precision 73.0 and 69.3%, F-measure 0.779 and 0.756). Occult blood, which was assessed using a monoclonal antibody to human hemoglobin, also showed good performance (sensitivity 69.5%, precision 70.6%, F-measure 0.701). Questions regarding self-reported gingival bleeding were not sufficient to screen for periodontitis. The present results suggest that screening tests using salivary samples may detect periodontal disease in approximately 70% to 80% of subjects in a large population. Conclusion: Salivary ammonia and hemoglobin have potential as salivary markers in the screening of periodontal disease.

Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies

“…Finally, a total of 57 articles (Moya et al, 2012; Figueiredo et al, 2013; Araya Vallespir et al, 2014; Jaafar et al, 2014; Juarez et al, 2014; Thanakun et al, 2014; Bhat et al, 2015; Eke et al, 2015; Giacaman et al, 2016; Khan et al, 2016; Holde et al, 2017; Ramírez et al, 2017; Shyagali et al, 2017; Silva‐Junior et al, 2017; Zaitsu et al, 2017; Balaji et al, 2018; Bhat et al, 2018; Eke et al, 2018; He et al, 2018; Iwasaki et al, 2018; Ortiz et al, 2018; Pinto‐Filho et al, 2018; Shariff et al, 2018; Skośkiewicz‐Malinowska et al, 2018; Wahlin et al, 2018; Botelho et al, 2019; Dhaifullah et al, 2019; Helmi et al, 2019; Lasta et al, 2019; J. B. Lee et al, 2019; K. Lee & Kim, 2019; Shimizu et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019; Bongo et al, 2020; Díaz‐Reissner et al, 2020; Ha et al, 2020; Nakamura et al, 2020; Romero‐Castro et al, 2020; Schmidt et al, 2020; Sekiguchi et al, 2020; Singh et al, 2020; Sun et al, 2020; Bilgin Çetin et al, 2021; Clauss et al, 2021; Costa et al, 2021; Germen et al, 2021; Ghassib et al, 2021; Goel et al, 2021; Gomes‐Filho et al, 2021; Han & Kim, 2021; Iwasaki et al, 2021; Jiao et al, 2021; Kocher et al, 2021; Oliveira et al, 2021; Sakurai et al, 2021; Song et al,…”

Evaluation of a rapid coliform detection kit from clinical mastitis milk using colloidal gold nanoparticle–based immunochromatographic strips

“…We used five measures to determine the prediction accuracy of the ICS test: sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of positive results found among infected animals), specificity (i.e., the proportion of negative results among noninfected animals), positive and negative predictive values (NPVs), the F-measure of the ICS test, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using the bacteriological culture results as the gold standard. The F-measure was the weighted harmonic mean of the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) representing the overall performance [ 6 , 18 ]. This value is equal to the arithmetic mean when the sensitivity and PPV are equal.…”

Hybrid MoSe2/P3HT Transistor for Real-Time Ammonia Sensing in Biofluids

“…5,6 Those with abnormally high amounts of ammonia in their breath and saliva may have problems with their oral microbiota, liver, and kidneys. 4,7 Infection with Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of stomach cancer. These bacteria release the enzyme urease, which transforms urea into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ), resulting in high amounts of these compounds in body-fluids.…”

“…Ammonia is hazardous to humans when present in high amounts in body fluid . Salivary ammonium levels are affected by the breakdown of arginine and urea by oral bacteria and the passive diffusion of ammonium from the blood to the salivary glands. , Those with abnormally high amounts of ammonia in their breath and saliva may have problems with their oral microbiota, liver, and kidneys. , Infection with Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of stomach cancer. These bacteria release the enzyme urease, which transforms urea into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ), resulting in high amounts of these compounds in body-fluids .…”