2016
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13950
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Accuracy of a Mouse Bioassay for the Diagnosis of Botulism in Horses

Abstract: BackgroundThe laboratory diagnosis of botulism in horses traditionally has relied upon the mouse bioassay (MBA). The accuracy of this test for the diagnosis of botulism in horses is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur goal was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MBA on laboratory‐processed fecal and gastrointestinal samples for foals and adult horses.AnimalsCases included all horses with a final clinical diagnosis of botulism that were admitte… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 21 publications
(68 reference statements)
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“…19 Given the insensitivity of available antemortem diagnostic tests for botulism and the importance of rapid treatment, trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin was given to both horses within hours of presentation. 21 However, the rapid improvement in neurologic status observed in these 2 horses made botulism unlikely because recovery requires regeneration of new motor end plates, which can take up to 3 weeks. 22 Neurotoxicity associated with ingestion of locoweed, yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), moldy corn, or Bermuda or rye grass ("grass staggers") was not considered because of the absence of forebrain signs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19 Given the insensitivity of available antemortem diagnostic tests for botulism and the importance of rapid treatment, trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin was given to both horses within hours of presentation. 21 However, the rapid improvement in neurologic status observed in these 2 horses made botulism unlikely because recovery requires regeneration of new motor end plates, which can take up to 3 weeks. 22 Neurotoxicity associated with ingestion of locoweed, yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), moldy corn, or Bermuda or rye grass ("grass staggers") was not considered because of the absence of forebrain signs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxins ( BoNTs ) produced by C. botulinum , an environmentally ubiquitous spore-forming, anaerobic gram-positive rod. Each of several serotypes produces their own specific BoNT: serotype A (BoNT A) and B (BoNT B) are found in soil and are the most common forms that affect horses ( Johnson et al, 2015 , 2016 ). Serotype C (BoNT C) has been proposed as a cause for dysautonomia or mal seco in horses in Europe and South America, respectively, but convincing evidence is lacking ( Böhnel et al, 2003 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clostridium botulinum thrives in anerobic conditions and devitalized tissues, and poisoning incidents in horses and other livestock are usually associated with carrion in the feed, though hot spots for botulism due to high C . botulinum spore loads can occur in specific locations, for example, stalls within a barn ( Johnson et al, 2016 ). Botulism in horses occurs most commonly when haylage is fed, though small animal carcasses can inadvertently be incorporated in to any kind of feed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Even in laboratories accustomed to working with equine samples, mouse bioassay only yields positive results for approximately one‐third of clinically diagnosed cases (Johnson et al . ). Veterinarians should never await laboratory confirmation prior to treating suspect cases appropriately.…”
mentioning
confidence: 97%