“…CARDIOVASCULAR CATHETERS and accessories are indicated for use in the assessment and management of critically ill or high-risk patients, including those with acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, severe hypovolemia, complex circulatory abnormalities, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, certain types of arrhythmias, and various other medical emergencies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In these cases, cardiovascular catheters are used to measure intravascular pressures, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (1)(2)(3)(4). Secondary indications include venous blood sampling and therapeutic infusion of solutions or medications (1)(2)(3)(4).…”