Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

The use of free range animals for monitoring environmental health offers opportunities to detect exposure and assess the toxicological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Potential human health risk of dietary intake of metals and metalloid via consumption of offal and muscle of free range chicken, cattle and goats by the urban population in Benin City was evaluated. Muscle, gizzard, liver and kidney samples were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) while Hg was determined using Hg analyzer. Mean concentrations of metals (mg/kg ww) varied significantly depending upon the tissues and animal species. Human health risk estimations for children and adults showed estimated daily intake (EDI) values of tissues below oral reference dose (RfD) threshold for non essential metals Cd, As, Pb and Hg thus strongly indicating no possible health risk via consumption of animal based food. Calculated Hazard quotient (THQ) was less than 1 (< 1) for all the metals analyzed for both adult and children. However, Cd and As had the highest value of THQ suggestive of possible health risk associated with continuous consumption of Cd and As contaminated animal based foods. Hazard Index (HI) for additive effect of metals was higher in chicken liver and gizzard for children and chicken liver for adults. Thus, HI indicated that chicken liver and gizzard may contribute significantly to adult and children dietary exposure to heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear species difference in metal accumulation between chickens and the ruminants. This study provides baseline data for future studies and also valuable evidence of anthropogenic impacts necessary to initiate national and international policies for control of heavy metal and metalloid content in food items.

Potential health risk consequences of heavy metal concentrations in surface water, shrimp (Macrobrachium macrobrachion) and fish (Brycinus longipinnis) from Benin River, Nigeria

“…Globally, heavy metals have been a serious threat to human health and ecosystem integrity [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Water quality has become a major challenge in the world today as it is being polluted by industrial and urban wastes generated largely by human activities [ 4 ].…”

Exogenous γ-glutamic acid (GABA) induces proline and glutathione synthesis in alleviating Cd-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves

“…At present, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of excessive metal waste and agricultural sewage flow into the environment (Soffianian et al 2014;Du et al 2019). Heavy metals in nature are difficult to remove and degraded, which not only affects the safety of the ecological environment, but also poses a threat to food safety and human health (Alfven et al 2000;Qian et al 2009;Ogbomida et al 2018). Although some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn and Mn are essential trace elements for plant growth and development (Seregin and Ivanov 2001), most of them are highly toxic to plants (Shahid et al 2014).…”

Assessment and source identification of heavy metal contamination of groundwater using geospatial technology in Gadilam River basin, Tamil Nadu, India

“…However, it becomes poisonous when these dissolved elements surpass the quantity needed by these species. Heavy metals are also harmful to the human body, causing many illnesses by the effects of aggregation (Bhuiyan et al 2010;Kumar et al 2021;Ogbomida et al 2018;. Heavy metals in aquatic habitats have risen dramatically since the beginning of the industrial revolution (Severini et al 2018).…”