Accumulation of Selected Metal Elements in Fruiting Bodies of Oyster Mushroom

Abstract

The species Pleurotus ostreatus is a commercially, gastronomically, and biotechnologically important fungus. Its strain variability has been little researched. The study provides an evaluation of 59 oyster mushroom production strains in terms of the ability to accumulate selected metals in the cap and stipe. The fruiting bodies were grown under identical model conditions on straw substrate. Metal concentrations (ET-AAS) in dry fruiting bodies ranged in values 1.7–22.4 mg kg−1 for Al, 2.6–9.7 mg kg−1 Ba, 199–4560 mg kg−1 Ca, 1.7–12.0 mg kg−1 Cu, 12–120 mg kg−1 Fe, 16,000–49,500 mg kg−1 K, 876–2400 mg kg−1 Mg, 0.39–11.0 mg kg−1 Mn, 46–920 mg kg−1 Na and 11–920 mg kg−1 for Zn. More Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn accumulated in the cap, while in the stipe Ba was amassed. No significant difference was found between Al, Ca and Na between the accumulation in the cap and the stipe. Furthermore, the dependence of metal uptake from the substrate depending on the fortification of the substrate was confirmed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) synergistic relationships were shown in pairs Al and Ba, Al and Fe, Ba and Na, Ba and Ca, Ca and Na, Cu and Fe, Fe and Mn, Fe and Zn, K and Mg, K and Mn, K and Zn, Mg and Mn, Mg and Na, Mg and Zn and Mn and Zn in the substrate without the addition of sodium selenate to the substrate. Altered relationships were observed after the application of sodium selenate to the substrate, synergism of Se and Ni, Se and Co and Se and Hg, Cu and Mn, Cu and Fe, Zn and Co, Zn and Ni, Zn and Hg, Mn and Fe, Mn and Cr, Co and Ni, Co and Hg, Ni and Hg, Pb and Cd. The findings of the study may help in the selection of production strains with hypercumulative properties for a particular metal and subsequent use in the addition of fortified fruiting bodies (e.g., with Zn). Based on the study the strains less sensitive to the accumulation of hazardous metals is possible to select for large-scale production, which is important from the perspective of food safety.

Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on sawdust supplemented with anaerobic digestate

“…For potassium (K), another important macronutrient that is bioaccumulated in mushrooms (Malinowski et al, 2021), the concentration was lower in the AD-fertilized substrate than in the standard substrate, and this was reflected in lower K concentrations in the fruiting bodies on AD-fertilized substrate (Table 2). Potassium concentration has been studied in an large number of P. ostreatus strains and a concentration range of 16-50 g kg − 1 dw fruiting body has been reported (Golian et al, 2022). The value observed in the present study (16-22 g kg − 1 dw fruiting body) was at the lower end of this range (Table 2).…”

“…However, fungal Fe uptake is complex, considering the speciation (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) and its presence in a wide variety of forms (Philpott, 2006). In other studies, considerable variation in total concentration of Fe in fruiting bodies has been reported (Siwulski et al, 2017;Golian et al, 2022). Thus P. ostreatus has potential capability for accumulation of Fe, but if the aim is to produce fruiting bodies with elevated levels of Fe, consideration needs to be given to the form of this element in the substrate.…”

Analysis of Biochemical and Genetic Variability of Pleurotus ostreatus Based on the β-Glucans and CDDP Markers

“…Mushrooms are known also as functional foods, mainly for their bioactive compounds that can have various beneficial impacts on human health [ 52 ]. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to the important fungi, where this fungus is considered from a commercial, gastronomic, or biotechnological point of view [ 37 ]. The popularity of the oyster mushroom is due to it being well known for its relatively easy agrotechnology and relatively high content of health-promoting substances.…”

“… Source: Author of the work, also in Golian et al [ 37 ] * marked strains were not a part of CDDP analysis. …”

Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.): A Sustainable Strategy for Myco-Remediation and Bio-Fermentation

“…Different factors controlling myco-remediation by Pleurotus ostreatus are presented in this table, including the substrate, growth conditions, and the kinds of pollutants, and their concentrations. The biodegradation of pollutants by Pleurotus ostreatus mainly depends on many factors, including the growth conditions and the kinds of pollutants, and the mechanism of this process is linked to certain enzymes, such as manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase [21] Many studies discussed the role of Pleurotus ostreatus in the myco-remediation process via the consideration of different perspectives, such as the myco-remediation of chlorinated pesticides [81], the accumulation of metals in fruiting bodies [83], and the biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ethane [21], as well as including some reviews that include those published by Akhtar and Mannan [84], Pini and Geddes [85], Kumar and Dwivedi [86], and Yadav et al [72].…”