Accumulation of phosphorus fractions and contamination potential in vineyard soils in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract

SUMMARYIn vineyards, if phosphate is applied both before planting and at intervals during growth without consideration of technical criteria, the soil P fractions may be increased and their proportions altered. This study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of P fractions and the parameters of the adsorption isotherm in a sandy Typic Hapludalf soil in vineyards with a history of successive and excessive phosphate fertilization. In December 2010, two vineyards were selected, one 4 and the other 15 years old, in Urussanga, State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Three trenches were dug in each area and soil was collected from the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth ranges. The soil samples were dried in a forced-air oven, sieved and subjected to chemical analyses, P chemical fractionation and P adsorption isotherms. Excessive phosphate fertilization, before and during cultivation, particularly in the older vineyard and, consequently, with a longer history of phosphate fertilization, increased the inorganic P concentrations to the depth of 20 cm, especially in labile fractions extracted by anion exchange resin and NaHCO 3 in the non-labile fraction, RESUMO: ACÚMULO DE FRAÇÕES DE FÓSFORO E POTENCIAL CONTAMINANTE EM SOLOS DE VINHEDOS

Copper and zinc accumulation, fractionation and migration in vineyard soils from Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…In the southern region of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, vineyards are planted on soils located on lands near sea level with sandy texture, predominance of 1:1 clay, low organic matter content, acidic soil and low natural fertility (Schmitt et al 2013). The grapevines are subjected to the application of Cu-and Zn-bearing fungicides for control of fungal leaf diseases (Mackie et al 2012;Tiecher et al 2016).…”

Phosphorus fractions in apple orchards in southern Brazil

“…Maintenance fertilization is performed when the plants start producing and is determined by a combined analysis of total nutrients in leaves, fruits, soil (every 3 years), and expected production (CQFS-RS/SC 2004). However, the fertilization in soils grown with fruit species is not always consistent with the recommended technical criteria, which may cause P buildup, particularly in the upper soil layers, and saturation of the adsorption sites of the soil reactive particles (Schmitt et al 2013a).…”

“…Thus, it is expected that, if regular applications of phosphate fertilizer in maintenance fertilization over the years are greater than the amounts required by the apple trees and the plants that coexist in the orchard lines, even the amount of P extracted from the fruits which are very low (1.5 to 3.0 g·kg -1 ) (Nava 2012), P accumulation and redistribution into different organic and inorganic fractions will occur, with possible decrease in the maximum P adsorption capacity (MPAC) (Schmitt et al 2013a). MPAC is an indicator of the soil capacity for P adsorption, which is highly associated with clay contents ) and P application rates (Schmitt et al 2013a).…”

“…MPAC is an indicator of the soil capacity for P adsorption, which is highly associated with clay contents ) and P application rates (Schmitt et al 2013a). MPAC can be established by adsorption isotherms, adjusted by mathematical models, such as the one proposed by Koski-Vähälä and Hartikainen (2001).…”

“…MPAC can be established by adsorption isotherms, adjusted by mathematical models, such as the one proposed by Koski-Vähälä and Hartikainen (2001). With this model, we can determine the decrease in MPAC of soils that have a history of frequent application of phosphate fertilizers, especially on the topsoil layers (Schmitt et al 2013a). …”