Accumulation of naturally occurring radioactive materials on the filters utilized in bottled mineral-water facilities

Shin, Woosik; Choung, Sungwook; Han, Jeong Hee; Han, Weon Shik; Jeon, Sodam; Ryu, Jae Sang; Chang, Byung-Uck

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.005

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because of the low removal efficiency of radionuclides by MFs and ACFs [17,18], it is expected that NORMs are unlikely to accumulate in the MFs and ACFs. However, high surface radiation dose rates on filter housings observed in our previous study [19] indicated the potential accumulation of NORMs in MFs and ACFs. Considering that the MFs and ACFs are the predominant byproducts in the bottled-mineral-water facilities, the accumulation mechanism of NORMs into filters and its effects must be determined to reduce the health risk to workers in such facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Although the uranium concentrations in raw groundwater were significantly different depending on the pumping well locations even in the same facility, they consistently declined to the low level of ≤ 30 µg L −1 after the water filtering processes. In particular, the ACF contributed to the decrease of uranium irrespective of filter location [19].…”

Section: Changes Of Norm Levels In the Water Filtering Processesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The detailed procedures on the pre-treatment and analysis of collected water and filter samples were given in our previous study [19]. In brief, total U and Th in the water were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (iCAP Q, Thermo Scientific, USA).…”

Section: Laboratory Analyses For Water and Filter Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rn-222 levels were lowered by at least >30% in the raw water storage tank (Figure 1a), because a large air volume and long water residence time in the tank governs the gaseous radon decay processes [19]. In brief, raw water pumped from several groundwater wells slowly fills the tanks.…”

Section: Changes Of Norm Levels In the Water Filtering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation Mechanism and Effects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Filters of Bottled Mineral-Water Facilities

Shin

Jeong

Han

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater contains naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) through water–rock interactions. Although a recent study found that the NORMs are accumulated into the filters utilized in bottled mineral-water facilities, the accumulation mechanism and effects have rarely been studied. This study is, therefore, conducted to determine the mechanism of NORM accumulation in filters during water treatment processes and to provide a first estimate of the level of radiological risk for workers in five bottled-mineral-water facilities. The level of Rn-222 decreased dramatically at the first filters (FF) encountered after passing through water storage tanks, while surface radiation sharply increased. The increase of radioactivity on the FF was mainly caused by the accumulation of short-lived radon progenies through decay processes inside the water tanks. Although the estimated radiological risk was lower under certain circumstances compared to the public dose limit of 1 mSv yr−1, the radiological risk should be properly managed in case of direct and/or close handling of the used filters during filter replacement procedures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Changes Of Norm Levels In the Water Filtering Processesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Laboratory Analyses For Water and Filter Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes Of Norm Levels In the Water Filtering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accumulation Mechanism and Effects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Filters of Bottled Mineral-Water Facilities

Shin

Jeong

Han

et al. 2020

Water

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Radon Concentrations in Raw Water and Treated Water Used for Bottled Water in South Korea

et al. 2020

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Radon concentrations in the raw water and treated water used for 59 brands of bottled water produced in South Korea were analysed. The radon levels in 59 raw water samples ranged from 3.7 to 476.8 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 49.0 Bq/L. The mean radon levels in raw water samples were high in Jurassic granite aquifers and low in volcanic rock aquifers. However, the maximum radon levels were observed in metamorphic rock aquifers. The concentrations in 55 treated water samples ranged from 0.1 to 239.4 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 7.7 Bq/L. In treated water, radon levels decreased by 16.0–98.9% (average, 74.9%) due mainly to storage in water tanks and treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. The radon levels in raw water and treated water samples exceeded the US EPA alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 148 Bq/L by 16.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Considering the radon reduction rate, it is anticipated that the radon concentrations in bottled water in stores will not exceed 148 Bq/L because it takes about 1–2 weeks for treated water to reach the customer as bottled water.

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Accumulation of naturally occurring radioactive materials on the filters utilized in bottled mineral-water facilities

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Accumulation Mechanism and Effects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Filters of Bottled Mineral-Water Facilities

Accumulation Mechanism and Effects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Filters of Bottled Mineral-Water Facilities

Radon Concentrations in Raw Water and Treated Water Used for Bottled Water in South Korea

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