Radon Concentrations in Raw Water and Treated Water Used for Bottled Water in South Korea

Abstract

<jats:p>Radon concentrations in the raw water and treated water used for 59 brands of bottled water produced in South Korea were analysed. The radon levels in 59 raw water samples ranged from 3.7 to 476.8 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 49.0 Bq/L. The mean radon levels in raw water samples were high in Jurassic granite aquifers and low in volcanic rock aquifers. However, the maximum radon levels were observed in metamorphic rock aquifers. The concentrations in 55 treated water samples ranged from 0.1 to 239.4 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 7.7 Bq/L. In treated water, radon levels decreased by 16.0–98.9% (average, 74.9%) due mainly to storage in water tanks and treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. The radon levels in raw water and treated water samples exceeded the US EPA alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 148 Bq/L by 16.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Considering the radon reduction rate, it is anticipated that the radon concentrations in bottled water in stores will not exceed 148 Bq/L because it takes about 1–2 weeks for treated water to reach the customer as bottled water.</jats:p>

Radon (&lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn) Concentration in Fresh and Processed Coconut Water Using a RAD7 Detector

“…Since no prior radon concentration results are available for coconut water, a qualitative comparison may be made from studies of radon in water. Akar et al [46] reported lower values of radon concentration in tap water versus well water and Cho et al [47] observed a 16.0% -98.9% decrease in the radon concentration between raw water and treated water in their study of bottled water.…”

Radon Concentration in Water and Health Threat to Region of Balakot-Bagh (B-B) Fault Line, Lesser Himalayas, North Pakistan

“…only the surface water sources mean value of 9.3 BqL − 1 is below this level; however, most of the area's inhabitants use the bore and spring water for drinking. Therefore, it is recommended that drinking water not be used before proper treat meant like granular activated carbon (GAC) (Cho et al 2020). The other conventional method is not using the water for drinking purpose immediately taken out from the bore or spring and leaving it unexposed for few days so that radon activity decreases as being half-life of radon 3.82 days after rst half-life enough radon decayed.…”

“…Those samples of water for which in eld measurement are not possible by one or other reason and the measurement to be taken in the laboratory take more than 10 hours from collection to the laboratory. In such cases, the measurement is corrected by using the term decay conversion factor (DCF), by using equation (Ali et al 2010, Cho et al 2020):…”