Accumulation of itaconic, 2-hydroxyparaconic, itatartaric, and malic acids by strains of the genus Ustilago.

Abstract

Many strains of the genus Ustilago were found to be good producers of organic acids, that is, itaconic, /-itatartaric, /-2-hydroxyparaconic, and L-malic acids. Itatartaric and 2-hydroxyparaconic acids were invariably produced together with itaconic acid. Fromthese findings and the results of the experiments with permeabilized cells of Ustilago cynodontis, the following metabolic sequence was assumed: itaconate-*2-hydroxyparaconate-ntatartarate, as a by-path from the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Emerging biotechnologies for production of itaconic acid and its applications as a platform chemical

“…The fungus U. maydis is a promising producer of IA, since it grows as single cells (yeast-like) in submerged cultivations [24,46]. Chandragiri and Sastry [11] investigated the effects of medium components for the production of IA from glucose by U. maydis by shake flask fermentation using the Plakette-Burmann Design.…”

Organic Acid Production by Filamentous Fungi

“…Most of the work on the fermentation parameters and biochemistry of itaconic acid production has been performed with A. terreus, largely with strain NRRL 1960. Itaconic acid is also produced by Basidiomycetes of the genus Ustilago (Haskins et al, 1955;Guevarra and Tabuchi, 1990;Tabuchi, 1991), and a comprehensive review of itaconic acid production was recently published (Willke and Vorlop, 2001). …”

Production of itaconate by whole-cell bioconversion of citrate mediated by expression of multiple cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cadA) genes in Escherichia coli

“…and Pseudozyma sp. were also shown to produce itaconate789. Currently, itaconate is produced using A. terreus with sugars as the substrate, and the titer and productivity reach 129 g/L and 1.15 g/L/h, respectively10.…”