Accumulation of cobalt, zinc and manganese by the estuarine green microalga Chlorella salina immobilized in alginate microbeads

Garnham, Geoffrey W.; Codd, Geoffrey A.; Gadd, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1021/es00033a008

Cited by 108 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Decreased Cs+ accumulation was also observed in immobilized cells of C. salina. Immobilization has negligible influence on the photosynthesis of C. salina but results in a 30% decrease in the rate of respiration (Garnham et al, 1992). Rb' and Cs+ influx, in Chlorella pyrenoidma and C. emersonii, respectively, are independently supported by cyclic photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (Springer-Lederer & Rosenfeld, 1968;Avery et al, 1492b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-stimulation of caesium accumulation in the euryhaline green microalga Chlorella salina: potential relevance to the development of a biological Cs-removal process

Avery

Codd

Gadd

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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Accumulation of Cs' by Chlovelfa salina was 28-fold greater in cells incubated in the presence than in the absence of 0.5 M-NaCl. An approximate 70% removal of external Cs+ resulted after 15 h incubation of cells with 50 ~L MCsCl and 0.5 M-NaCI. LiCl also had a stimulatory effect on Cs' uptake, although manaitol did not. Cs+ influx increased with increasing external NaCl concentration and was maximal between 25-500 mM-NaC1 at approximately 4 nmol Cs+ h-' (lo6 cells)-'. Little effect on Cs+ uptake resulted from the presence of Mg2+ or Cat+ or from varying the external pH, and Cs' was relatively non-toxic towards C. safina. At increasing cell densities (from 4 x lo5 to 1 x 10' cells ml-'), decreasing amounts of Cs+ were accumulated per cell although the rate of Cs+ removal from the external medium was still greatest at the higher cell densities examined. Freely suspended C. salina and cell-loaded alginate microbeads accumulated similar levels of CS+, however, 46% of total Cs' uptake was attributable to the calcium-alginate matrix in the latter case. When Cs+-loaded cells were subjected to hypoosmotic shock, loss of cellular Cs' occurred allowing easy Cs' recovery. This loss exceeded 90% of cellular Cs' when cells were washed with solutions containing < 50 mM-NaC1 between consecutive Cs' uptake periods; these cells subsequently lost their ability to accumulate large amounts of Cs+. Maximal Cs + uptake (approximately 85-1 YO removal after three 15 h incubations) occurred when cells were washed with a solution containing 500 m~-NaCl and 200 rnM-KC1 between incubations. The relevance of these results to the possible use of C. salinu in a saltdependent biological Cs-removal process is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-stimulation of caesium accumulation in the euryhaline green microalga Chlorella salina: potential relevance to the development of a biological Cs-removal process

Avery

Codd

Gadd

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Biosorption is a physico-chemical process, simply defined as 'the removal of substances from solution by biological material'; it is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components), and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for removal (and/or recovery) of metals, radionuclides and organic pollutants for many years because of its simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion-exchange technology, apparent efficiency and availability of biomass and waste bio-products (Macaskie, 1991;Gadd, 1986Gadd, , 2001aGadd, , b, 2009bVolesky, 1990;Garnham et al, 1992;Gadd & White, 1990Wang & Chen, 2009). Most biosorption studies are carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, particularly actinides and lanthanides.…”

Section: Biosorption and Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

2010

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Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations, decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation. All kinds of microbes, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their symbiotic associations with each other and 'higher organisms', can contribute actively to geological phenomena, and central to many such geomicrobial processes are transformations of metals and minerals. Microbes have a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Such mechanisms are important components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals as well as associated elements in biomass, soil, rocks and minerals, e.g. sulfur and phosphorus, and metalloids, actinides and metal radionuclides. Apart from being important in natural biosphere processes, metal and mineral transformations can have beneficial or detrimental consequences in a human context. Bioremediation is the application of biological systems to the clean-up of organic and inorganic pollution, with bacteria and fungi being the most important organisms for reclamation, immobilization or detoxification of metallic and radionuclide pollutants. Some biominerals or metallic elements deposited by microbes have catalytic and other properties in nanoparticle, crystalline or colloidal forms, and these are relevant to the development of novel biomaterials for technological and antimicrobial purposes. On the negative side, metal and mineral transformations by microbes may result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), acid mine drainage and associated metal pollution, biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment, all with immense social and economic consequences. The ubiquity and importance of microbes in biosphere processes make geomicrobiology one of the most important concepts within microbiology, and one requiring an interdisciplinary approach to define environmental and applied significance and underpin exploitation in biotechnology. Microbes as geoactive agentsMicrobes interact with metals and minerals in natural and synthetic environments, altering their physical and chemical state, with metals and minerals also able to affect microbial growth, activity and survival. In addition, many minerals are biogenic in origin, and the formation of such biominerals is of global geological and industrial significance, as well as providing important structural components for many organisms, including important microbial groups such as diatoms, foraminifera and radiolaria (Ehrlich, 1996;Gadd & Raven, 2010). Geomicrobiology can simply be defined as the roles of microbes in geological processes (Banfield & Nealson, 1997;Banfield et al., 2005; Konhauser, 2007;Ehrlich & Newman, 2009). Metalminera...

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“…Supports include agar, cellulose, alginates, cross-linked ethyl acrylate-ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, silica gel and the cross-linking reagents toluene diisocyanate and glutaraldehyde. 57,79,94 The biomass may be used in its 'natural state', or modified, for example, by alkali treatment, to improve biosorption efficiency. In order to use conventional reactor technology in larger systems, immobilized biomass particles should have properties that are similar to those of other commercial adsorbents (for example, in size (0.5-1.5 mm), particle strength and chemical resistance).…”

Section: Which Biosorbents?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale, environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Gadd

2008

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

1,103

642

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Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico-chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio-products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment.

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Accumulation of cobalt, zinc and manganese by the estuarine green microalga Chlorella salina immobilized in alginate microbeads

Cited by 108 publications

References 9 publications

Salt-stimulation of caesium accumulation in the euryhaline green microalga Chlorella salina: potential relevance to the development of a biological Cs-removal process

Salt-stimulation of caesium accumulation in the euryhaline green microalga Chlorella salina: potential relevance to the development of a biological Cs-removal process

Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale, environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

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