Accumulation of chlorophyll catabolites photosensitizes the hypersensitive response elicited by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> in Arabidopsis

Mur, Luis A. J.; Aubry, Sylvain; Mondhe, Madhav; Kingston‐Smith, Alison H.; Gallagher, Joe; Timms-Taravella, Emma; James, Caron; Papp, I.; Hörtensteiner, Stefan; Thomas, Howard; Ougham, Helen J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03377.x

Cited by 95 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…In line with this is the fact that all SGR mutants analyzed so far, retain high levels of LHCII subunits (Aubry et al 2008;Jiang et al 2007) and a role of SGR in destabilizing Chl-binding protein complexes as a prerequisite for the subsequent degradation of apoproteins and Chl has been suggested (Park et al 2007;Hörtensteiner 2009). In Arabidopsis, levels of SGR were shown to positively correlate with the extent of development of disease or hypersensitive response symptoms during Pseudomonas syringae infections (Mur et al 2010;Mecey et al 2011) and phototoxic Pheide a was considered to contribute to cell death execution (Mur et al 2010). These results are in agreement with the light dependency shown for several plant-pathogen interactions and indicate a link between plant responses to pathogen infections and Chl breakdown.…”

Section: The Stay-green Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

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In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multi-step pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past. Abstract In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multistep pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past.

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Section: The Stay-green Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

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“…The lines represent linear adjustment at a probability level P<0.05 photosynthesis (Chou et al 2000). Mur et al (2010) showed that reactive oxygen species caused chlorophyll degradation in the course of Pseudomonas syringae infection and that light-excited products of chlorophyll degradation, e.g., pheophorbide a (Pheide) may be an additional source of ROS. It was suggested in several other studies that pheophorbide a can act as a photosensitizer that generates ROS in response to light (Tanaka et al 2003;Hörtensteiner 2004;Pruzinska et al 2005;Tanaka and Tanaka 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work we described the changes in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the cotyledons of winter rape growing on an agar medium containing a toxic culture of L. maculans / L. biglobosa filtrates (Hura et al 2014b, c). Reactive oxygen species are claimed to be the main cause of chlorophyll degradation, and this is in turn one of the symptoms of progressive cell death (Mur et al 2010). It is well known that chlorophyll level is crucial for the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus, and hence, indirectly, for the level of carbohydrates (primary metabolites) that are the basis for the synthesis of secondary metabolites (including phenolic compounds), influencing the plantfungal pathogen interaction (Hura et al 2014d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate, phenolic and antioxidant level in relation to chlorophyll a content in oilseed winter rape (Brassica napus L.) inoculated with Leptosphaeria maculans

Hura

Dziurka

et al. 2015

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The relationships between the level of chlorophyll a, and the content of soluble carbohydrates, phenolics and low molecular antioxidants in the leaves of three oilseed winter rape varieties with different resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans were determined. During pathogenesis, an increase in the content of chlorophyll a in the resistant and medium-sensitive rape varieties was observed. In these varieties, the level of chlorophyll a significantly correlated with the content of primary metabolites in the form of soluble sugars, as well as with the level of free and cell wall-bound phenolics, and lowmolecular antioxidants. In contrast, a decrease in soluble carbohydrates, observed during the pathogenesis in the susceptible variety, was accompanied by lower level of chlorophyll a and with high activity of reactive oxygen species. Significant correlations were also confirmed for the cell wall-bound phenolics and water content in the leaves of the resistant and medium-sensitive variety.

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“…[22][23][24] It is reasonable to envisage that damage of the membrane integrity of these two organelles reflects the effects of vast amounts of ROS produced by the electron transport chains. 25,26 Recent evidence supports the destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus associated to the generation of ROS in the HR. 26 At this time of PCD progression, ROS could be contributing to shut down the energy machinery in the cell, which ultimately would become the point of no-return of PCD 27 as part of the execution program of the cell death mediated by LCBs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Recent evidence supports the destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus associated to the generation of ROS in the HR. 26 At this time of PCD progression, ROS could be contributing to shut down the energy machinery in the cell, which ultimately would become the point of no-return of PCD 27 as part of the execution program of the cell death mediated by LCBs.…”

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confidence: 99%