Accumulation and Elimination of Coliphage S-13 by the Hard Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria

Detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from the environment in the vicinity of IPNV‐infected Atlantic salmon farms in Scotland

“…It appeared that IPNV was generally cleared rapidly from mussels once an IPN outbreak subsided. This pattern of clearance was very similar to that observed in depuration studies where molluscs can eliminate viruses when placed in clean water (Canzonier 1971; Muniain‐Mujika, Girones, Tofino‐Quesada, Calvo & Lucena 2002). For IPNV, the only study investigating depuration and persistence found IPNV titres in scallops decreased rapidly during the first week after bath challenge (Mortensen, Bachere, Le Gall & Mialhe 1992).…”

The Effect of Depuration on Transmission ofAeromonas salmonicidabetween the Freshwater BivalveAmblema plicataand Arctic Char

“…Depuration of A. salmonicida by A. plicata in the present study contrasts with depuration of viruses by marine bivalves (Canzonier 1971;Mortensen et al 1992). Mortensen et al (1992) exposed Pecten maximus to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) by injection and bath challenge methods.…”

“…After 6 d, the phage titer in digestive tissues was less than 1 log unit below the initial titer. Phage depuration by M. mercenaria was related to water temperature and was accelerated above 16ЊC (Canzonier 1971).…”

“…The persistence of IPNV relative to that for A. salmonicida might be related to other factors such as the high challenge dose of virus, the bivalve species, or the methods of exposure. Also, the persistence could be explained by the virus being sequestered in digestive tissues and, thus, avoiding depuration (Canzonier 1971;Hay and Scotti 1986). Canzonier (1971) exposed hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria to low levels of Escherichia coli and coliphage S-13.…”

Detection of bacteriophage tracers in bivalve molluscan shellfish

“…The methods studied here were derived from instructions for general use of these bacteriophage tracers (J. Watkin, personal communication) as well as from procedures for the general isolation of coliphages from shellfish (Canzonier 1971;Vaughn & Metcalfe 1976;Kennedy et al 1986). Only a few methods have been reported for isolation of bacteriophages from shellfish and all relate to detection of coliphages ai general indicators of recent faecal contamination.…”