“…In particular, the data have been employed in investigating the gender and ethnicity of accountants and the constituents of professional accounting associations (see Kirkham & Loft, 1993;Craig & Jenkins, 1996;Wootton & Kemmerer, 1996McKeen & Richardson, 1998;Annisette, 2000;Carnegie & Edwards, 2001;Kim, 2001;Emery et al, 2002;Walker, 2002Walker, , 2003. Some studies have also used census data as a source of background information about individual accountants, shareholders and organizations (see Craig, 2000;Capozzili, 2001;Bernal et al, 2005, Fowler, 2005Espejo et al, 2006;Johns, 2006;Rutterford & Maltby, 2006). Despite the number of accounting history studies cited above, which are largely biographical or institutional histories, in all of these studies the census figures as a peripheral archive for delineating a population of interest or for sketching aspects of the milieu within which an individual or organization existed.…”