Accounting for the influence of initial chlorine concentration, TOC, iron and temperature when modelling chlorine decay in water supply

Vieira, P. F. de M. J.; Coelho, S. T.; Loureiro, D.

doi:10.2166/aqua.2004.0036

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Previous experimental studies have shown an inverse relationship between K B and C 0 , when tests were conducted on the same waters under identical laboratory conditions (Vieira et al 2004;Warton et al 2006). Powell (1998) and Hallam (1999) suggested an inverse relationship of the following form:…”

Section: Initial Chlorine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Haas and Karra (1984) investigated several models to describe chlorine decay, including (as described in Vieira et al 2004 and shown in Table 1):…”

Section: Bulk Chlorine Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jadas-Hécart et al 1992;AWWARF 1996;Hallam et al 2003;Vieira et al 2004). Work published by the AWWARF (1996) suggested a linear relationship between TOC and K B .…”

Section: Organic Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Brown

Bridgeman

West

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

120

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In 1976, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) published the results of a national survey that showed that chloroform and other trihalomethanes (THMs) were ubiquitous in chlorinated drinking water. Also in 1976, the US National Cancer Institute published results linking chloroform to cancer in laboratory animals, thus giving rise to an important public health issue. Although numerous disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been reported in the literature since that time, with more than 700 confirmed species to date, only a small number have been addressed in either quantitative or health effects studies. The DBPs that have been quantified in drinking water are generally present at low to mid lg/ l levels or below. Approximately 50% of the total organic halide (TOX) formed during the chlorination of drinking water and more than 50% of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formed during ozonation of drinking water is still not accounted for and little is known about the potential toxicity of many of the vast number of DBPs present in drinking water. The presence of free chlorine is a prerequisite to THM formation. Therefore, a robust understanding of the mechanisms of both chlorine decay and THM formation are fundamental to the management of THMs in water supply systems. This paper presents a review of work undertaken to improve our understanding of these key phenomena and highlights areas of vulnerability in our knowledge and so recommends areas of future research.

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Section: Initial Chlorine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Haas and Karra (1984) investigated several models to describe chlorine decay, including (as described in Vieira et al 2004 and shown in Table 1):…”

Section: Bulk Chlorine Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Brown

Bridgeman

West

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A literatura tem convergido quanto a alguns aspectos, no que se refere aos modelos de decaimento do cloro em redes: -A necessidade de um simulador hidráulico eficiente: todos os trabalhos evidenciam a necessidade do conhecimento do comportamento hidráulico da rede, reconhecendo que se deve contar com um simulador hidráulico confiável na representação do verdadeiro comportamento da rede, antes de se proceder à simulação da qualidade da água em termos do cloro residual presente, tendo em vista a interferência do modelo hidráulico nos resultados da simulação da qualidade; -Utilização modelos de simulação de qualidade de água baseados nas equações de transporte simplificadas (equação reação-advecção), utilizando a lei da conservação de massa para determinar a distribuição das substâncias espacialmente e temporalmente; e -É admitido que o decréscimo do desinfetante residual se dê por combinação de reações que ocorrem no escoamento e junto às paredes das tubulações, sendo suas influências representadas pelas respectivas constantes cinéticas K bulk e K wall (VIEIRA et al, 2004;MUNAVALLI & KUMAR, 2005;CHEUNG, 2005), embora considerem diferentes modelos para simular o comportamento do fenômeno.…”

Section: Justificativaunclassified

“…O modelo de decaimento de 1ª ordem pode ser usado com o mínimo de erro, se a gama de tempo de percurso for superior ao tempo de decaimento da 1ª fase (VIEIRA et al, 2004).…”

Section: Procedimento O Preparação Dos Utensíliosunclassified