Accordion‐Like Fluorinated Graphite Nanosheets with High Power and Energy Densities for Wide‐Temperature, Long Shelf‐Life Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Luo, Zhenya; Chen, Duanwei; Wang, Xiao; Huang, Jianyu; Pan, Yong; Lei, Weixin; Pan, Junan

doi:10.1002/smll.202008163

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, our cell achieves a record‐high capacity, which is 7 times higher than even the highest capacity of K‐ion pouch cells previously reported (Figure 5f and Figure S21, Supporting Information). [ 69–73 ] These results prove that size‐controllable and foldable KC 8 foils can be used as a specialized anode to construct and evaluate the potassium‐ion full cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Liang

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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potassium (K) metal are two typical anodes for PIBs. [4][5][6][7] Nevertheless, the former is facing the challenge of low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE, typically < 80%) and poor cycling stability in conventional electrolytes. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In order to compensate the consumption of active K + ions, the electrochemical prepotassiation of Gr anode is generally carried out to improve the overall performance of potassium-ion full cells. [15] This method seems to be effective, while the lack of standardized prepotassium potential of Gr can mislead the assessment of full battery performance. [16] Although K metal anodes have attracted great attention for realizing high energy density of half-cell PIBs in recent years, [17][18][19][20][21][22] the low metallic bonding energy makes it unavailable to be directly processed into rollable and foldable foils as commercial Li metal foils with thickness of micrometer scales (Figure S1, Supporting Information). [23][24][25][26] Particularly, K metal suffers from notorious dendrite growth and inevitable parasitic reactions with electrolytes which usually lead to safety issues and rapid degradation. [27] What is worse, the real electrochemical behavior of electrodes is concealed although infinite K + ions can be provided by K metal. It is obvious that the use of Gr and K metal as anodes for potassium-ion coin cells is still inadequate, not to mention the research for potassium-ion pouch cells. KC 8 , a Gr intercalation compound, is thermodynamically stable, and exhibits similar electrochemical properties as K metal anodes such as the low redox potential (−2.7 vs −2.93 V) and high specific volume capacity (544 vs 609 mAh cm −3 ). [28][29][30] More interestingly, KC 8 seems to be compatible with both ether and ester-based solvents, suggesting it is a highly promising alternative to K metal anode for PIBs. [27,30] Recently, smart strategies have been proposed to prepare KC 8 , including electrochemical prepotassiation, [15,16] high-temperature mixing of Gr and metallic K, [30] and compressing K metal directly on the surface of Gr moistened with electrolytes. [27] Nevertheless, these methods face the challenges of troublesome disassembly/reassembly processes of K||Gr half cells or impure-phase KC 8 products, which impedes the practical applications of KC 8 . Therefore, the scalable production of pure-phase KC 8 is urgently needed to facilitate the fundamental research of PIBs and the advancement of pouch cells.Here, through adopting a chemical prepotassiation strategy of Gr anodes, a large-area KC 8 foil was successfully fabricated Currently, graphite (Gr) and potassium metal are two typical and widely used anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Unfortunately, the inevitable electrochemical prepotassiation of Gr anode and the unprocessable nature of K metal hinder the advancement of potassium-ion pouch cells. There is an urgent need to develop alternative anodes for promoting the practical applications of PIBs. Herein, KC 8 is proposed as a specialized anode for t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Liang

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Compared to previously reported CF x -based cathodes (Figure 6c; Table S5, Supporting Information), the DFG-N cathode designed in this work achieves the most excellent fast discharge and power output properties in both Na/CF x and K/CF x primary batteries, which are the state-of-the-art so far. [23][24][25][53][54][55][56][57] Figure S23 (Supporting Information) exhibits the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves and cycling performance of DFG-N cathodes in Li/Na/K ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs/PIBs). The cycling performance test was performed in the voltage range of 1.5-4.4 V with a charge/discharge current density of 0.1 C. The first discharge capacities of Li/DFG-N, Na/DFG-N, and K/DFG-N batteries are 753.3, 754.8, and 766.9 mAh g −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Engineering of Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets Enables Ultrafast Lithium/Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Luo

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Fluorinated carbon (CFx) is considered as a promising cathode material for lithium/sodium/potassium primary batteries with superior theoretical energy density. However, achieving high energy and power densities simultaneously remains a considerable challenge due to the strong covalency of the C‐F bond in the highly fluorinated CFx. Herein, an efficient surface engineering strategy combining surface defluorination and nitrogen doping enables fluorinated graphene nanosheets (DFG‐N) to possess controllable conductive nanolayers and reasonably regulated C‐F bonds. The DFG‐N delivers an unprecedented dual performance for lithium primary batteries with a power density of 77456 W kg−1 and an energy density of 1067 Wh kg−1 at an ultrafast rate of 50 C, which is the highest level reported to date. The DFG‐N also achieved a record power density of 15256 and 17881 W kg−1 at 10 C for sodium and potassium primary batteries, respectively. The characterization results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the excellent performance of DFG‐N is attributed to surface engineering strategies that remarkably improve electronic and ionic conductivity without sacrificing the high fluorine content. This work provides a compelling strategy for developing advanced ultrafast primary batteries that combine ultrahigh energy density and power density.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…113,129 However, inactive -CF 2 also tends to form at the defect sites. 130 Therefore, the diffusion of fluorinating agents during fluorination is critical for the formation of fluorine patterns in CF x materials. Accordingly, the fluorination pathways and conditions should be considered, which are discussed in detail below.…”

Section: Synthesis-structure Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Li/CF_xbattery design and application

Zhang

Kong

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Accordion‐Like Fluorinated Graphite Nanosheets with High Power and Energy Densities for Wide‐Temperature, Long Shelf‐Life Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Cited by 29 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Surface Engineering of Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets Enables Ultrafast Lithium/Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Fundamentals of Li/CF_xbattery design and application

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Accordion‐Like Fluorinated Graphite Nanosheets with High Power and Energy Densities for Wide‐Temperature, Long Shelf‐Life Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Cited by 29 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC8Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC8Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Surface Engineering of Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets Enables Ultrafast Lithium/Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries

Fundamentals of Li/CFxbattery design and application

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Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Chemical Prepotassiation Realizes Scalable KC₈Foil Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Pouch Cells

Fundamentals of Li/CF_xbattery design and application