Acclimatization of tissue cultured plantlets: from laboratory to land

Abstract

The ultimate success of micropropagation on a commercial scale depends on the ability to transfer plants out of culture on a large scale, at low cost and with high survival rates. During field transfer the in vitro grown plantlets are unable to compete with soil microbes and to cope with the environmental conditions. The in vitro culture conditions result in the plantlets with altered morphology, anatomy and physiology. In order to increase growth and reduce mortality in plantlets at the acclimatisation stage, efforts are focused on the control of both physical and chemical environment and biohardening of micropropagated plantlets. This review describes the abiotic and biotic stresses and current developing methods for the acclimatization of microshoots.

In vitro multiplication of Dianthus carthusianorum calamine ecotype with the aim to revegetate and stabilize polluted wastes

“…Kharrazi et al (2011) reported that the number of malformed shoots in D. caryophyllus culture increased on BAP-containing media with the increasing concentration of this cytokinin equivalent. This type of disorder in regenerated plantlets, that affects the production at commercial level and causes difficulties during acclimatization, might be a result of incorrectly chosen concentration of kind of plant growth regulator or their level in the medium or the lack of optimization of other culture conditions (Ivanova and van Staden 2008;Chandra et al 2010;Kharrazi et al 2011). Thus, modified MS medium with the addition of 1.0 mg/L BAP supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA or IAA should be eliminated from experimental scheme and 1.0 mg/L 2iP with 0.2 mg/L IAA were chosen for clonal propagation of D. carthusianorum.…”

“…Thus, it is estimated as the main limitation using this technology on commercial scale (Chandra et al 2010;Deb and Imchen 2010). During in vitro cultivation, plantlets grow in ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) under low light intensity, hence direct transfer to broad spectrum sunlight and ex vitro temperature (26-36 °C) might result in their quick wilting and dying (Lavanya et al 2009;Matysiak and Gabryszewska 2016).…”

Proline levels, oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic pigments during in vitro growth and acclimatization of Pitcairnia encholirioides L.B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae)

“…In the last two decades, several studies regarding bromeliads have been published (Silveira et al, 2009;Santa-Rosa et al, 2013). After in vitro propagation, different systems are used in plantlet acclimatization (Deb and Imchen, 2010), a critical micropropagation phase which represents a limiting factor for its success (Chandra et al, 2010). Plant survival in field conditions depends on the quality of in vitro cultures (Faisal and Anis, 2009).…”

Aspectos morfofisiológicos na pré-aclimatização in vitro e aclimatização de plantas de caroá

“…Em vista disso vários estudos e trabalhos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o intuito de minimizar os danos causados pela transição de uma condição à outra (CHANDRA et al, 2010;JACKSON, 2003). Souza et al (2006) sugerem a pré-adaptação à condição autotrófica mediante redução da concentração de sacarose no meio de cultura, para promover a rustificação in vitro, buscando aumentar a capacidade fotossintética das plantas.…”