Acclimation of tomato to different carbon dioxide concentrations. Relationships between biochemistry and gas exchange during leaf development

Abstract

Tomato plants were transferred to diflerent CO,^ mole fraction.s (3.S(), 700, lCSO and 1400//mol CO.^ mol ') 31 d after sowing (2 "" of full expansion) and the light saturated rate of photosynthesis (P",^^) of the unshaded .Sth leaf was measured at either an ambient CO^ mole fraction, C\ of 350/miol CO^ mol " [P^^^^ (350)] or at the mole fraction of CO,^ at which the plants were grown. At 60 "" and 95 "o leaf expansion, P^^^ of high CO^ grown plants measured at growth CO^, was greater than the P^^,, (350) of the ambient CO^ grown plants. However, by leaf maturity, P,,,,,, (growth CO^) declined linearly as growth CO^ concentration increased. P",^,^ (350) of plants exposed to elevated C().^ up to 60'\, leaf expansion had not acclimated to high CO.^. At 95 "" leaf expansion, f^,,,,. (350) was smaller in the high COj grown plants. Z^^^,, (350) was predicted from Rubisco in vitro carboxylation capacity using tomato Rubisco kinetic constants. By 95% leaf expansion, high CO.^ grown plants showed similarities to the response of plants to low nitrogen supply, in terms of Rubisco and chlorophyll content. The observed and theoretical relationships between the initial slopes of the P,,,^^/C^ responses and Rubisco activity were statistically equivalent. Both short-term and long-term effects of elevated CO^ on dark respiration (/?") were also investigated at two stages of leaf development (50 and 100 "o expansion). /?" (growth CO.^) was smaller for the high CO^ grown plants compared with the control plants, whereas /«" (350) was either equal or greater for the plants grown in high CO^.

Some relationships between the gas exchange, biochemistry and molecular biology of photosynthesis during leaf development of tomato plants after transfer to different carbon dioxide concentrations

“…The response of A to elevated (Table 1), This was observed in previous studies (Besford et al 1990a;Woodrow 1994a) and may be related to the sink activity of the plant (Hicklenton & Jollife 1980;Porter & Grodzinski 1984;Peet, Huber & Patterson 1986). The Rubisco activity followed a similar patterti to A (350) during leaf development, and was more affected as the growth CO. increased (Tables 1 & 2), A similar effect of varying growth CO, on Rubisco activities has been observed with cotton (Wong 1979) and rice (Rowland-Bamford et al 1991) but not with soybean (Campbell, Allen & Bowes 1988), However, the CO2 growth concentrations ranged from 160 to 900/imol CO2mor' in these last two studies, A major factor associated with the fall in A measured in 350Aimol CO2 mol' appears to be the loss of Rubisco activity and protein, since A was close to that predicted from the amount and kinetics of Rubisco in plants grown in either ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (Besford 1990;Besford et al 1990a;Van Oosten, Wilkins & Besford 1995).…”

Decreasing or Non-decreasing Allocation of Dry Matter to Fruit in Japanese Tomato Cultivars in Spite of the Increase in Total Dry Matter of Plants by CO₂ Elevation and Fogging

“…Besford (1993) reported that the photosynthetic rate of plants grown at 1000 μmol·mol . This photosynthetic reduction is known to involve acclimation to elevated CO 2 for a long time (Besford et al, 1990;van Oosten et al, 1995;Yelle et al, 1990). However, no reduction of the maximum photosynthetic rate by elevated CO 2 and fogging was observed in this experiment (Table 2).…”

Effects of Growth under Elevated CO2on the Capacity of Photosynthesis in Two Radish Cultivars Differing in Capacity of Storage Root

“…It is important to consider that the rate of photosynthesis is highly dependent on developmental stages and the response to CO 2 varies with the stage of development (e.g. Nie et al, 1995;van Oosten and Besford, 1995;van Oosten et al, 1995;Pearson and Brooks, 1995;Usuda and Shimogawara, 1998). For this reason, I examined the photosynthetic capacity of the fi rst leaf of plants at various developmental stages under ambient and elevated CO 2 .…”