Acclimation of maximum quantum yield of PSII and photosynthetic pigments of Panax quinquefolius L. to understory light

Fournier, Anick R.; Proctor, John; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh; Gosselin, André; Dorais, Martine

doi:10.5142/jgr.2008.32.4.347

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…These adaptations of ginseng are a reflection of its ability to cope with the lower end of the light gradient, i.e. about 20% to 30% of full sunlight [1,6,10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and Ginsenoside Differences among North American Ginseng Leaves

Proctor¹,

Sullivan²,

Rupasinghe³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Leaf characteristics of mature 2, 3 and 4-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) leaves on fruiting and non-fruiting (NF) plants were studied. Leaflets of the 2-year-old plants had the lowest fresh and dry weight, area, volume and internal gas volume. Inflorescence removal in 3-year-old plants did not affect leaf characteristics or ginsenoside concentration but in 4-yearold plants it increased leaf fresh (38.6%) and dry (43.9%) weight, leaf area (29.1%), specific leaf mass (11.4%), leaf volume (43.1%), and leaf thickness (12.1%), and decreased leaf water content (6.2%). Cultivated ginseng, although an understorey plant, had the specific leaf mass, 35.6 g m-2 (range, 36 to 39 g m-2) and a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 2.40 to 2.61, both suggesting the ability to perform like a sunny habitat plant. Also, specific leaf mass of 35.6 g m-2 is similar to that reported for perennial plants, 36.8 g m-2, rather than that for annuals, 30.9 g m-2.

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“…These adaptations of ginseng are a reflection of its ability to cope with the lower end of the light gradient, i.e. about 20% to 30% of full sunlight [1,6,10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, such leaves have low photosynthetic rates [9], may contain more chlorophyll per reaction center and have a smaller chlorophyll a/b ratio [10], and may be thinner than leaves growing in full sun [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Ginsenoside Differences among North American Ginseng Leaves

Proctor¹,

Sullivan²,

Rupasinghe³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…The strength of these relationships, and their statistical significance suggest that sunlight was operating as the limiting environmental factor in the establishment, growth, and development of ginseng plantings in comparison to the other environmental variables in our study site. This finding suggests an opportunity for forest farmers to implement silvicultural techniques to provide additional sunlight in the understory, which has been shown to have a positive effect on ginseng growth (Chamberlain et al 2018;Chandler and McGraw 2015;Fournier et al 2008Fournier et al , 2004.…”

Section: Influence Of Forest Structure and Environmental Conditions On Ginseng Growth And Vigormentioning

confidence: 98%

Importance of environmental factors on plantings of wild-simulated American Ginseng

2021

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to the forests of eastern North America with a long history of use and harvest, and with a significant international market. To supply international demand, the plant is grown in the USA and Canada under artificial shade cloth. However, wild and wild-appearing ginseng roots command prices up to 100 times greater than roots cultivated in a field: $550–2200 (US$ dry kg) vs. $20–70 (US$ dry kg). Growing ginseng in a forested environment using a “wild-simulated” forest farming approach, where growers introduce ginseng into a forested environment and then let it grow with little to no intervention, allows forest farmers to access these higher prices and meet international demand. As climate change shifts growing conditions globally, there will be increasing opportunities for the forest farming of American ginseng internationally. In this study, we examined the main drivers of ginseng growth and development in a wild-simulated ginseng forest farm. We measured the range of environmental conditions and built statistical models to examine which factors were most important for ginseng vigor. We found that the amount of sunlight, even under highly shaded conditions, was the most important driver of ginseng establishment on the landscape, as well as ginseng plant size and development. Prior research indicates that additional factors including soil nutrient levels, moisture, and texture are important for the survival, growth, and development of wild and planted American ginseng, but our study did not show significant patterns of importance at this site. Our findings suggest that integrating silvicultural techniques such as forest thinning may enhance the productivity of wild-simulated ginseng operations while providing additional forest-based income with minimal impact on natural forest ecosystems.

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