Accessibility to opportunities based on public transport gps-monitored data: The case of Santiago, Chile

Basso, Franco; Frez, Jonathan; Martínez, Luis; Varas, Mauricio

doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2020.06.004

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is reflected in various studies that analyze the relationship of the hierarchy of the city system with the size of its population. The latter is in line with new researches that measures the degree of accessibility to opportunities based on the use of public transport for the Chilean case (for example, Basso et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Trends and evolution of automobile ownership in the municipalities of Chile

Maturana

Quiroga

Cobs-Muñoz

et al. 2021

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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The automobile has played a fundamental role in the development of cities in the daily movement of people. This paper analyzes the explosive increase in the number of motorized vehicles in the municipalities of Chile. Additionally, due to its national relevance, a disaggregated analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago is presented. Through statistical data of the last 20 years, the analysis evidenced an explosive but differentiated increase of the automotive fleet. Results show the poorest municipalities with a lower dynamism, while those of the more affluent sectors experience exuberant increases. Particularly in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, the results follow the same pattern, dynamics that jeopardize the planning and sustainability of national urban areas. A reflection is made focusing on the type of city that is being planned and built throughout the country and the urgency of a strategic public policy in urban public transport.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Trends and evolution of automobile ownership in the municipalities of Chile

Maturana

Quiroga

Cobs-Muñoz

et al. 2021

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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show abstract

“…This study suggests that low socioeconomic municipalities with high social capital have better communication with police officers, which in turn may affect the increment of policing in these territories [ 74 ]. Lastly, there are studies pointing that in Santiago in the last 10 years, transport infrastructure investment has indeed benefited individuals from the top quintiles [ 75 – 77 ]. Further, analyses considering the period 2000–2008 in Santiago suggested that the accumulation of specific crashes can be grouped within low quality infrastructure municipalities, however, these are not necessarily in the lowest income quintiles [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential impacts of ridesharing on alcohol-related crashes by socioeconomic municipalities: rate of technology adoption matters

2021

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Background An emergent group of studies have examined the extent under which ridesharing may decrease alcohol-related crashes in countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, and Chile. Virtually all existent studies have assumed that ridesharing is equally distributed across socioeconomic groups, potentially masking differences across them. We contribute to this literature by studying how socioeconomic status at the municipal level impacts Uber’s effect on alcohol-related crashes. Methods We use data provided by Chile’s Road Safety Commission considering all alcohol-related crashes, and fatal and severe alcohol-related injuries that occurred between January 2013 and September 2013 (before Uber) and January and September 2014 (with Uber) in Santiago. We first apply spatial autocorrelation techniques to examine the level of spatial dependence between the location of alcohol-related crashes with and without Uber. We then apply random-effects meta-analysis to obtain risk ratios of alcohol-related crashes by considering socioeconomic municipality differences before and after the introduction of Uber. Results In both analyses, we find that the first 9 months of Uber in Santiago is associated with significant rate ratio decreases (RR = 0.71 [95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 0.56, 0.89]) in high socioeconomic municipalities in all alcohol-related crashes and null (RR = 1.10 [95% C.I. 0.97, 1.23]) increases in low socioeconomic municipalities. No concomitant associations were observed in fatal alcohol-related crashes regardless of the socioeconomic municipality group. Conclusions One interpretation for the decline in alcohol-related crashes in high socioeconomic municipalities is that Uber may be a substitute form of transport for those individuals who have access to credit cards, and thus, could afford to pay for this service at the time they have consumed alcohol. Slight increases of alcohol-related crashes in low socioeconomic municipalities should be studied further since this could be related to different phenomena such as increases in alcohol sales and consumption, less access to the provision of public transport services in these jurisdictions, or biases in police reports.

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“…It is important to highlight that even though a no clear association across municipality socioeconomic groups and enforcement is observed in Santiago, there is also evidence that police enforcement within the same low socioeconomic groups may have very different practices [69]. Lastly, there are studies pointing that in Santiago in the last 10 years, transport infrastructure investment has indeed bene ted individuals from the top quintiles [70][71][72]. Further, analyses considering the period 2000-2008 in Santiago suggested that the accumulation of speci c crashes can be grouped within low quality infrastructure municipalities, however, these are not necessarily in the lowest income quintiles [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of Ridesharing on Alcohol-related Crashes by Socioeconomic Municipalities: Rate of Technology Adoption Matters

Blázquez

Laurent

Nazif‐Muñoz

2021

Preprint

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Background: With the introduction of ridesharing through cell phone applications, the shape of transport systems has changed dramatically. An emergent group of studies have examined the extent under which ridesharing may decrease alcohol-related crashes in countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Chile. Virtually all existent studies have assumed that ridesharing is equally distributed across socioeconomic groups, potentially masking differences across them. In this study, we exploit differences across different socioeconomic groups of municipalities in a highly segregated city such as Santiago, Chile to test whether, in the first year of Uber, this transport service was associated with changes in rates of fatal and injury alcohol-related crashes within municipalities. We used this period because Uber could only be paid with credit card. In Chile, this device is limited almost exclusively to high socioeconomic individuals.Methods: We apply spatial and rate ratio statistical analyses. Results: In both analyses, we find that the first year of Uber in Santiago is associated with significant rate ratio decreases (RR = 0.71 [95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 0.56, 0.89]) in high socioeconomic municipalities in all alcohol-related crashes and null (RR = 1.10 [95% C.I. 0.97, 1.23]) increases in low socioeconomic municipalities. No concomitant associations were observed in fatal alcohol-related crashes regardless of the socioeconomic municipality group.Conclusions: One interpretation for the decline in alcohol-related crashes in high socioeconomic municipalities is that Uber may be a substitute form of transport for those individuals who have access to credit cards, and thus, could afford to pay for this service at the time they have consumed alcohol. Slight increases of alcohol-related crashes in low socioeconomic municipalities suggest that this association may be a function of alcohol consumption, in tandem with limited access to public transport alternatives within these territories.

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Accessibility to opportunities based on public transport gps-monitored data: The case of Santiago, Chile

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Trends and evolution of automobile ownership in the municipalities of Chile

Trends and evolution of automobile ownership in the municipalities of Chile

Differential impacts of ridesharing on alcohol-related crashes by socioeconomic municipalities: rate of technology adoption matters

Differential Impacts of Ridesharing on Alcohol-related Crashes by Socioeconomic Municipalities: Rate of Technology Adoption Matters

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