Access to medicines for acute illness in middle income countries in Central America

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the main predictors of access to medicines for persons who experienced acute health conditions METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytic study, based on data from household surveys. We examined the predictors of: (1) seeking care for acute illness in the formal health care system and (2) obtaining all medicines sought for the acute condition. RESULTS:The significant predictors of seeking health care for acute illnesses were urban geographic location, head of household with secondary school education or above, age under 15, severity of illness perceived by the respondent, and having health insurance. The most important predictor of obtaining full access to medicines was seeking care in the formal health care system. People who sought care in the formal system were three times more likely to receive all the medicines sought (OR 3.0, 95%CI 2.3;4.0). For those who sought care in the formal health system, the strongest predictors of full access to medicines were seeking care in the private sector, having secondary school education or above, and positive perceptions of quality of health care and medicines in public sector health facilities. For patients who did not seek care in the formal health system, full access to medicines was more likely in Honduras or Nicaragua than in Guatemala. Urban geographic location, higher economic status, and male gender were also significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS:A substantial part of the population in these three countries sought and obtained medicines outside of the formal health care system, which may compromise quality of care and pose a risk to patients. Determinants of full access to medicines inside and outside the formal health care system differ, and thus may require different strategies to improve access to medicines. Patients are more likely to self-treat acute health conditions, especially those that are frequent. The self-treatment may be harmful, since lay people tend to treat symptoms, not diseases. 9 Negative consequences of self-treatment may include masking symptoms, delaying professional health care, incorrect diagnosis, or exposure to unnecessary medications.Access to medicines -a component of access to health -is considered a fundamental human right by the World Health Organization (WHO) and many RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar os principais preditores de acesso a medicamentos em condições agudas de saúde. MÉTODOS:Estudo transversal analítico, baseado em inquérito domiciliar realizado em Nicarágua, Honduras e Guatemala. Foram identificados os preditores de: procurar cuidados para a condição aguda no sistema formal de saúde e obter todos os medicamentos procurados para a condição aguda. Os dados foram analisados com SPSS ® v.17, usando estatísticas descritivas e regressão logística multivariada. RESULTADOS:Houve autorrelato de doença aguda em 48,3% dos 2.761 domicílios pesquisados, sendo 59,0% em Nicarágua, 56,2% em Honduras e 30,9% na Guatemala. Indivíduos com doença aguda e pior percepção da gravidade da doença ou menores de 15 anos co...

Ongoing challenges in access to diabetes care among the indigenous population: perspectives of individuals living in rural Guatemala

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