Acceleration of the Secure Hash Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) on an FPGA-CPU Cluster Using OpenCL

Bensalem, Hachem; Blaquiere, Yves; Savaria, Yvon

doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401197

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…These optimization techniques include inserting local memories, loop splitting, loop unrolling, and loop pipelining. This design obtained a throughput of 3973 Mbps (Bensalem et al, 2021). These designs were the previous implementation of SHA-256 based on ASIC and FPGA implementation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This design was implemented on Virtex-4 with a throughput of 1984 MHz with an area of 979 slices . Bensalem et al (2021) proposed the latest implementation to improve throughput. Bensalem improved the SHA-256 design implementation on FPGA using OpenCL optimization techniques.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area, on the other hand, grew dramatically. Much research has been done related to SHA-256 using both ASIC and FPGA implementation (Shahid et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2007;Sklavos & Koufopavlou, 2003;Miao et al, 2009;Mestiri et al, 2015;Chaves et al, 2006;McEvoy et al, 2006;Ahmad & Das, 2005;Padhi & Chaudri, 2017;Kahri et al, 2015;Michail et al,2010;Michail et al, 2005;Phan et al, 2021;Kester & Henry, 2019;Bensalem et al, 2021;He et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020;Brazhinikov, 2020;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPGA-based Implementation of SHA-256 with Improvement of Throughput using Unfolding Transformation

Suhaili¹,

Julai²

2022

JST

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Security has grown in importance as a study issue in recent years. Several cryptographic algorithms have been created to increase the performance of these information-protecting methods. One of the cryptography categories is a hash function. This paper proposes the implementation of the SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm-256) hash function. The unfolding transformation approach was presented in this study to enhance the throughput of the SHA-256 design. The unfolding method is employed in the hash function by producing the hash value output based on modifying the SHA-256 structure. In this unfolding method, SHA-256 decreases the number of clock cycles required for traditional architecture by a factor of two, from 64 to 34 because of the delay. To put it another way, one cycle of the SHA-256 design can generate up to four parallel inputs for the output. As a result, the throughput of the SHA-256 design can be improved by reducing the number of cycles by 16 cycles. ModelSim was used to validate the output simulations created in Verilog code. The SHA-256 hash function factor four hardware implementation was successfully tested using the Altera DE2-115 FPGA board. According to timing simulation findings, the suggested unfolding hash function with factor four provides the most significant throughput of around 4196.30 Mbps. In contrast, the suggested unfolding with factor two surpassed the classic SHA-256 design in terms of maximum frequency. As a result, the throughput of SHA-256 increases 13.7% compared to unfolding factor two and 58.1% improvement from the conventional design of SHA-256 design.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPGA-based Implementation of SHA-256 with Improvement of Throughput using Unfolding Transformation

Suhaili¹,

Julai²

2022

JST

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“…The security technologies and compresses them to produce a 256-bit fixed-length hash value which is in a 64-digit hexadecimal number Bensalem et al, 2021;Bouam et al, 2021;Nakamura et al, 2021;Phan et al, 2021;Patra & Patra, 2021).…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the increased security, the SHA-256 algorithm is being widely implemented because of its reliability. The SHA-256 is broadly used in various applications like blockchain, information encryption, transport layer security, cryptocurrencies, digital signatures, IoT micro-devices, wireless local area networks, message authentication codes, secure electronic transactions, IP security, and high-performance systems because of its easy implementation, speed, and good portability (Qiuyun et al, 2017;Chen & Li, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Phan et al, 2021;Bensalem et al, 2021). It is collision-resistant and impossible to construct the input message from the hash value (Wu et al, 2020;Phan et al, 2021;Patra & Patra, 2021).…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a secure multi-factor authentication algorithm for mobile money applications

Guma¹

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With the evolution of industry 4.0, financial technologies have become paramount and mobile money as one of the financial technologies has immensely contributed to improving financial inclusion among the unbanked population. Several mobile money schemes were developed but, they suffered severe authentication security challenges since they implemented two-factor authentication. This study focused on developing a secure multi-factor authentication (MFA) algorithm for mobile money applications. It uses personal identification numbers, one-time passwords, biometric fingerprints, and quick response codes to authenticate and authorize mobile money subscribers. Secure hash algorithm-256, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman encryption, and Fernet encryption were used to secure the authentication factors, confidential financial information and data before transmission to the remote databases. A literature review, survey, evolutionary prototyping model, and heuristic evaluation and usability testing methods were used to identify authentication issues, develop prototypes of native genuine mobile money (G-MoMo) applications, and identify usability issues with the interface designs and ascertain their usability, respectively. The results of the review grouped the threat models into attacks against privacy, authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The survey identified authentication attacks, identity theft, phishing attacks, and PIN sharing as the key mobile money systems’ security issues. The researcher designed a secure MFA algorithm for mobile money applications and developed three native G-MoMo applications to implement the designed algorithm to prove the feasibility of the algorithm and that it provided robust security. The algorithm was resilient to non-repudiation, ensured strong authentication security, data confidentiality, integrity, privacy, and user anonymity, was highly effective against several attacks but had high communication overhead and computational costs. Nevertheless, the heuristic evaluation results showed that the G-MoMo applications’ interface designs lacked forward navigation buttons, uniformity in the applications’ menu titles, search fields, actions needed for recovery, and help and documentation. Similarly, the usability testing revealed that they were easy to learn, effective, efficient, memorable, with few errors, subscriber satisfaction, easy to use, aesthetic, easy to integrate, and understandable. Implementing a secure mobile money authentication and authorisation by combining multiple factors which are securely stored helps mobile money subscribers and other stakeholders to have trust in the developed native G-MoMo applications.

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Simulation and Synthesis of SHA-256 Using Verilog HDL for Blockchain Applications

Goyal,

Ratnawat,

Ahmed

et al. 2023

Advances in Data-Driven Computing and Intelligent Systems

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Acceleration of the Secure Hash Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) on an FPGA-CPU Cluster Using OpenCL

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

FPGA-based Implementation of SHA-256 with Improvement of Throughput using Unfolding Transformation

FPGA-based Implementation of SHA-256 with Improvement of Throughput using Unfolding Transformation

Development of a secure multi-factor authentication algorithm for mobile money applications

Simulation and Synthesis of SHA-256 Using Verilog HDL for Blockchain Applications

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