Accelerated hydroperoxide formation in jet fuel at 65.degree.C in capped and vented bottles

Black, Bruce H.; Hardy, Dennis R.; Beal, Erna J.

doi:10.1021/ef00026a010

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The dependency of gum formation with the oxygen concentration is commonly used in accelerated aging methods, such as the induction period, washed gum, and potential residue method tests, and some methods to evaluate gum formation behavior of gasoline, − distillate fuel, and jet fuel. ,,, Moreover, Stavinoha et al presented a table to correlate accelerated test conditions with various temperatures and various oxygen concentrations for a given time of storage using two different mathematical relations.…”

Section: Parameters That Influence Gum Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum Formation in Gasoline and Its Blends: A Review

Pradelle¹,

Braga²,

Martins³

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gasoline is a volatile mixture of hydrocarbons that is used in spark-ignition (SI) engines. It is a complex mixture composed of olefinic, paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons (C 4 −C 12 ), among other substances in a smaller concentration. In several countries, such as Brazil, ethanol is used pure as a renewable fuel for SI engines, especially in flex fuel engines, and/or an additive to improve the octane number of gasoline. During storage, some classes of hydrocarbons in gasoline blends, particularly olefins and diolefins, are able to slowly react, at ambient temperatures, with the oxygen in the air. The formed oxidation products are responsible for the formation of an insoluble solid, commonly called deposits or gums, which sticks to the metal surfaces along the vehicle-fuel system, from the tank to the combustion chamber. Accumulation of these products can cause engine wear and can have adverse effects on engine efficiency, performance, emission, and durability. Consequently, it is necessary to predict gasoline blend behavior and prevent gum formation, improving gasoline quality and using additives. Even if the number of publications dedicated to gum formation in gasoline blends is reduced, results available in the literature for other fuels can be applied to the gasoline issue. This review intends to define more precise fuel stability concepts and what is considered a gum. It also aims to present the oxidation mechanism involved in gum formation, determine the main parameters influencing gum deposition in gasoline blends, and describe the experimental tools available to measure gum content.

show abstract

Section: Parameters That Influence Gum Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum Formation in Gasoline and Its Blends: A Review

Pradelle¹,

Braga²,

Martins³

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The stability of the resultant free-radical formed is also important. In the literature there exist numerous articles about hydro peroxide formation [29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: The Radicals Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

DFT Treatment of Some Cantharidine Isomers and Some Radicals from Them

Türker

2023

EJCS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cantharidine (cantharidin) has been used as a medicine for centuries for many purposes. It is also known for its anticancer properties. In the present study, some cantharidine isomers and some radicals from them are considered within the realm of density functional theory. The isomers have been subjected to B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and the radicals from them are treated at the level of UB3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The isomers considered are stereoisomers having the methyl groups at different stereo orientation. The calculations have revealed that the isomers are all thermally favorable and electronically stable. In each case, the mono radical formed from the isomer considered by the homolytic cleavage of C-H bond at the α-position of the etheric oxygen atom. These radicals are also thermally favorable and electronically stable. Various calculated properties of the isomers and the radicals have been harvested and discussed.

show abstract

“…Color can develop from autoxidation reactions between the fuel and air. Hydroperoxide formation was orders of magnitude greater in bottles of jet fuel that were loosely covered compared to bottles that were tightly capped . This was a clear demonstration that oxygen from the air does react with the fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Color Degradation of Hydrocracked Diesel Fuel

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A combination of two first-order reactions that had different rate constants was found to describe the rate of color development in the 288-343 °C diesel fraction from hydrocracked Llyodminster atmospheric bottoms. These two reactions were the conversion of color precursors which were either (a) unsaturated compounds or (b) heteroatom compounds. The color precursors were correlated with the composition of the diesel fraction. The heteroatom color precursors were correlated with the combination of sulfur and nitrogen content of the diesel fraction. The unsaturated color precursors were correlated with its density, since density can be related to the aromatic content. The rate constants were related to catalyst composition. The fact that all of the parameters in the correlation were related to physical phenomena supported the hypothesis that color development is related to these two types of color precursors. The hydrocracking conditions were 17.3 MPa, 415 °C, 0.59 LHSV, and 570 L (H 2 at STP)/L of feed [2400 scf/bbl]. Eleven different hydrocracking catalysts were examined, most of which contained two components, a conventional CoMo:γAl 2 O 3 component and a zeolite component (sodalite containing nickel, SOD-Ni). The same two rate expressions were found to describe the results obtained from all of the catalysts. The conversion of the heteroatom compounds that were color precursors was associated with the CoMo:γAl 2 O 3 component of the catalyst component. The conversion of the unsaturated compounds that were color precursors was associated with the SOD-Ni catalyst component.

show abstract

Accelerated hydroperoxide formation in jet fuel at 65.degree.C in capped and vented bottles

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Gum Formation in Gasoline and Its Blends: A Review

Gum Formation in Gasoline and Its Blends: A Review

DFT Treatment of Some Cantharidine Isomers and Some Radicals from Them

Color Degradation of Hydrocracked Diesel Fuel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About