Accelerated evaporation of microdroplets at ambient conditions for the on-line analysis of nanoparticles by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Koch, Joachim; Flamigni, Luca; Gschwind, Sabrina; Allner, Steffen; Longerich, Henry P.; Günther, Detlef

doi:10.1039/c3ja50052g

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, a desolvation system is often used prior to introduction of the droplets into the ICP. One example uses He in a long tube to allow droplets to evaporate at a much higher rate than in Ar without the need for heating [36,75]. Monodisperse droplet generator designs include a capillary surrounded by a piezoelectric tube that ejects a droplet when a voltage pulse is applied, a microfluidics based droplet dispenser [76], and thermal ink jet printer-like designs [77].…”

Section: Sample Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Particle ICP-MS: Advances toward routine analysis of nanomaterials

et al. 2016

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From its early beginnings in characterizing aerosol particles to its recent applications for investigating natural waters and waste streams, single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) has proven to be a powerful technique for the detection and characterization of aqueous dispersions of metal-containing nanomaterials. Combining the high-throughput of an ensemble technique with the specificity of a single particle counting technique and the elemental specificity of ICP-MS, spICP-MS is capable of rapidly providing researchers with information pertaining to size, size distribution, particle number concentration, and major elemental composition with minimal sample perturbation. Recently, advances in data acquisition, signal processing, and the implementation of alternative mass analyzers (e.g., time-of-flight) has resulted in a wider breadth of particle analyses and made significant progress toward overcoming many of the challenges in the quantitative analysis of nanoparticles. This review provides an overview of spICP-MS development from a niche technique to application for routine analysis, a discussion of the key issues for quantitative analysis, and examples of its further advancement for analysis of increasingly complex environmental and biological samples. Graphical Abstract Single particle ICP-MS workflow for the analysis of suspended nanoparticles.

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Section: Sample Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Particle ICP-MS: Advances toward routine analysis of nanomaterials

et al. 2016

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“…In these systems, the sample solution is injected into the plasma as a single droplet instead of being nebulized. 13,14 In our research group, microdroplet injection was also developed to introduce single cells into an ICP. [15][16][17] In this system, the sample introduction efficiency equals 100%; in principle and the sample does not tend to diffuse in the plasma.…”

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confidence: 99%

A pulse-synchronized microplasma atomic emission spectroscopy system for ultrasmall sample analysis

Iwai

Okumura

Kakegawa

et al. 2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Regenerative medicine and environmental science require the analysis of ultrasmall samples such as cells and nanoparticles. Therefore, a microplasma atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) system was developed in this study. This system combined microdroplet injection, which can introduce a small droplet of a few tens of picoliters into a plasma excitation/ionization source, with a microhollow cathode plasma source exhibiting a volume of a few microliters. When a 14 pL droplet of 100 mg L À1 sodium solution was introduced into an 8 W DC microplasma, no emission was observed possibly because of an insufficient excitation of the sample at low plasma gas temperature. Therefore, a pulsed discharge, producing highintensity electric input power, was implemented to give a pulse-synchronized microplasma AES system.A 15 ms pulsed power reaching a maximum value of 100 kW was obtained using a laboratory-built highintensity pulsed power supply and was applied to generate the plasma. This system achieved an excitation temperature of 7000 K, exceeding that of the common inductively coupled plasma. Pulsed plasma generation and sample droplet introduction into the plasma were synchronized to provide a high-sensitivity AES analysis. To this end, the time interval before the end of the generation and the beginning of the pulsed plasma generation was adjusted using a delay circuit. The optimal delay amounted to 40 ms. A droplet comprising Na, Ca, Mg, and K at 100 mg L À1 was analyzed using this system and the limits of detection equaled 300, 50, 30, and 640 fg for these analytes, respectively.

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“…For optimum desolvation and transport of the microdroplets, He was passed both through the dispenser head (sheath gas) and the rst gas inlet position (carrier gas), as it has been reported in the past to effectively dry droplets in short time even at room temperature. 28,43 Ar was passed through the Tjunction of the MDI near the end of the vertical transfer tube (make-up gas) for nal transfer of the droplets towards the horizontal torch injector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%