Accelerated cellulose depolymerization catalyzed by paired metal chlorides in ionic liquid solvent

Su, Yongsheng; Brown, Heather M.; Li, Guosheng; Zhou, Xiao Dong; Amonette, James E.; Fulton, John L.; Camaioni, Donald M.; Zhang, Z. Conrad

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.09.021

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Regulation of the reaction parameters and elaboration of the recovery procedure through a multistep extraction with MIBK enable the process to reach a steady yield of HMF of 57 %. The same group also studied combinations of PdCl 2 /CuCl 2 in cellulose transformations . Despite the low yield of HMF (17 %), these paired metal chlorides efficiently disrupt the long‐range interactions between the solvent ions, and thereby, improve cellulose solubility and its hydrolysis.…”

Section: Transformation Of Saccharides In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

2018

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Biomass is the only realistic major alternative source (to crude oil) of hydrocarbon substrates for the commercial synthesis of bulk and fine chemicals. Within biomass, terrestrial sources are the most accessible, and therein lignocellulosic materials are most abundant. Although lignin shows promise for the delivery of certain types of organic molecules, cellulose is a biopolymer with significant potential for conversion into high-volume and high-value chemicals. This review covers the acid-catalyzed conversion of lower value (poly)carbohydrates into valorized organic building-block chemicals (platform molecules). It focuses on those conversions performed in aqueous media or ionic liquids to provide the reader with a perspective on what can be considered a best case scenario, that is, that the overall process is as sustainable as possible.

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Section: Transformation Of Saccharides In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

2018

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“…1 Lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant renewable resource all over the world, is a promising feedstock because of non-competition with food and its high cellulose content, which is considerably converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation. To improve the accessibility of cellulose, a myriad of cellulose pretreatment methods have been intensively developed such as mechanical ball milling, 4 steam explosion, 5 dilute acid/alkali, 6 supercritical uid, 7 ionic liquid, [8][9][10][11] and ultrasound and radiation pretreatments. To improve the accessibility of cellulose, a myriad of cellulose pretreatment methods have been intensively developed such as mechanical ball milling, 4 steam explosion, 5 dilute acid/alkali, 6 supercritical uid, 7 ionic liquid, [8][9][10][11] and ultrasound and radiation pretreatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the effects of γ-irradiation on the microstructure, thermal stability and irradiation-derived degradation components of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

Liu

Chen

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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It has been demonstrated that radiation pretreatment can cause a significant breakdown of the stubborn cellulose structure, which will increase the accessibility of cellulose and enhance enzyme hydrolysis in bio-fuel processes. In this study, using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a model substrate, the impacts of irradiation dose on the microstructure, thermal stability and irradiated-degradation components of cellulose under 60 Co g-irradiation (0-1400 kGy) was comprehensively investigated. FT-IR, EPR and NMR analyses show that irradiation destroys the glycosidic bond and inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bond of cellulose, resulting in the generation of reductive carbonyl groups and free radicals. SEM, XRD and GPC analyses confirm that irradiation can damage the crystalline microstructure and surface morphology of MCC, which reduces its degree of polymerization from 183 045 kDa to 4413 kDa. TGA and DGA curves indicate that the activated energy (E a ) and thermal stability of treated MCC decrease with the increasing irradiation dose. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis demonstrates that there exist fermentation sugars such as glucose (10.73 mg g À1 ), xylose (1.58 mg g À1 ), arabinose (0.46 mg g À1 ), fructose (4.31 mg g À1 ), and cellobiose (1.90 mg g À1 ) as well as low amounts of glucuronic acid (0.35 mg g À1 ) and galacturonic acid (1.46 mg g À1 ) in the irradiation-derived degradation components. Therefore, the findings in this study suggest that g-irradiation processing is an environment-friendly, promising and effective approach to treat lignocellulose biomass.

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“…Whilst the mechanisms of autohydrolysis and acid catalysed hydrothermal pretreatment are considered to be similar in nature [37,40], it appears that the lower pH attained with HCl addition enhanced subsequent digestibility of cellulose in this system. Alternatively, other researchers have proposed that the chloride ions added in HCl exert a catalytic effect, either through nucleophile activity [6] or possibly through an ionic liquid based mechanism, disrupting hydrogen bonding within cellulose microfibrills and further enhancing enzymatic access and thus enzymatic sugar yields [13,41,42]. (61 g/L and 57 g/L, resp.…”

Section: Total Glucose Concentrations In the Solid Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the (Microwave) Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Brewers Spent Grains for Bioethanol Production

2015

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For the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, it is important to optimise the thermochemical pretreatment which is required to facilitate subsequent liberation of monomeric sugars. Here, we report optimisation of pretreatment conditions for brewers spent grains (BSG) with the main objectives of (1) working at commercially relevant high solids content, (2) minimising energy and chemical inputs, and (3) maximising downstream sugar yields. Studies indicated there to be a play-off between pretreatment solids content, the usage of an acid catalyst, and pretreatment temperature. For example, yields of 80-90% theoretical glucose could be obtained following pretreatment at 35% w/v solids and 200 ∘ C, or at 140-160 ∘ C with addition of 1% HCl. However, at very high solids loadings (40-50% w/v) temperatures of 180-200 ∘ C were necessary to attain comparable sugar yields, even with an acid catalyst. The feasibility of producing bioethanol from feedstocks generated using these protocols was demonstrated (but not optimised) at laboratory scale.

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Accelerated cellulose depolymerization catalyzed by paired metal chlorides in ionic liquid solvent

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

Insights into the effects of γ-irradiation on the microstructure, thermal stability and irradiation-derived degradation components of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

Optimising the (Microwave) Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Brewers Spent Grains for Bioethanol Production

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