Accelerated aging of polyethylene pipe grades in aqueous chlorine dioxide at constant concentration

Bredács, Márton; Frank, Andreas; Bastero, Amaia; Stolarz, A.; Pinter, Gerald

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.019

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our thermal analyses were not focused on the issues related to oxidation induction time (OIT) and oxidation onset temperature (OOT), which have been deeply investigated in previous papers [15,16,17,19,20,25]: published results show that, in any case, OIT is severely affected by ClO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuning the purge flow rate, for example, the accumulation of disinfection and corrosion by-products can be minimized or maximized. The concentration of ClO 2 (1 mg/L ClO 2 ) is a compromise between the need of an accelerating process (high concentrations), the necessity to have a model fluid with a concentration of sanitizer not too far from a real-world application and checking the experimental set-up already adopted by other research groups [20,23,28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However chlorine dioxide, which is known as an energetic oxidant capable of rapidly oxidizing phenolic compounds, degrades antioxidants very rapidly and, when the antioxidant system has become totally depleted, a fast but strictly surface-confined degradation of polyolefins occurs [14,15,18,19]. Moreover, Bredacs et al believe that degradation is due to ClO 2 attacking simultaneously both antioxidants and the polymers [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System

Vertova

Miani

Lesma

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has been widely used as a disinfectant in drinking water in the past but its effects on water pipes have not been investigated deeply, mainly due to the difficult experimental set-up required to simulate real-life water pipe conditions. In the present paper, four different kinds of water pipes, two based on plastics, namely random polypropylene (PPR) and polyethylene of raised temperature (PERT/aluminum multilayer), and two made of metals, i.e., copper and galvanized steel, were put in a semi-closed system where ClO2 was dosed continuously. The semi-closed system allowed for the simulation of real ClO2 concentrations in common water distribution systems and to simulate the presence of pipes made with different materials from the source of water to the tap. Results show that ClO2 has a deep effect on all the materials tested (plastics and metals) and that severe damage occurs due to its strong oxidizing power in terms of surface chemical modification of metals and progressive cracking of plastics. These phenomena could in turn become an issue for the health and safety of drinking water due to progressive leakage of degraded products in the water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System

Vertova

Miani

Lesma

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…The simultaneous reduction of elongation at break and oxidative onset temperature (OOT) indicate the reaction of ClO 2 with AO (antioxidants) and polymer molecules. Various peaks were observed in the FTIR curve, indicating phenolic AO degradation [ 91 ]. After induced aging in hot air and deionized water, PE-RT and PP-R showed higher enthalpy values.…”

Section: Inspection and Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

2020

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Non-metallic pipe (NMP) materials are used as an internal lining and standalone pipes in the oil and gas industry, constituting an emerging corrosion strategy. The NMP materials are inherently susceptible to gradual damage due to creep, fatigue, permeation, processing defects, and installation blunder. In the presence of acid gases (CO2, H2S), and hydrocarbons under high pressure and temperature, the main damage is due to permeation. The monitoring of possible damage due to permeation is not well defined, which leads to uncertainty in asset integrity management. Assessment of permeation damage is currently performed through mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties, employing Tensile Test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), to evaluate the change in tensile strength, elongation, weight loss or gain, crystallinity, chemical properties, and molecular structure. Coupons are commonly used to analyze the degradation of polymers. They are point sensors and did not give real-time information. Polymers are dielectric materials, and this dielectric property can be studied using Impedance Analyzer and Dielectric Spectroscopy. This review presents a brief status report on the failure of polymer liners in pipelines due to the exposure of acid gases, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants. Permeation, liner failures, the importance of monitoring, and new exclusive (dielectric) property are briefly discussed. An inclusive perspective is provided, showing the challenges associated with the monitoring of the polymer liner material in the pipeline as it relates to the life-time prediction requirement.

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“…e bromine radical was produced and initiated chain oxidation to form brominated products by hydrogen abstraction from the polymer chain to give bromobenzenes as photodegradation products. A er UV irradiation, the FT-IR spectrum showed intense peaks at 616 and 692 cm −1 corresponding to C-Cl band stretching in response to UV irradiation (Figure 8) (Bredács et al, 2018;Jung et al, 2018), whereas the peak at 1250 cm −1 can be attributed to Cl near the C-H bond (Pandey et al, 2016). e results con rmed migration of chlorine, which could cause rechlorination.…”

Section: Factors That a Ect Photodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plastics on the Photodegradation Behavior of Chlorophenols

Hassan

Kuzukami

Nakai

et al. 2020

J. Chem. Eng. Japan

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In this study, we compared the photodegradation behavior of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro phenol (TeCP) sorbed on polyethylene (PE), polyethylene tereph thalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to investigate the plastic e ect. PE accelerated photodegradation of PCP and TeCP, and the photodegradation rate constants on the PE surface were approximately 1.50 times higher than that on a glass surface. In contrast, photodegradation of these organochlorine pollutants on PET was slower than on the glass surface. Furthermore, photodegradation of PCP on the PVC surface was suspended after approximately 60 min of ultraviolet irradiation. These results con rmed that plastics a ected the photodegradation behavior of organochlorine pollutants. Lower chlorinated phenols were detected as degradation products, such as di-, tri-and tetra-chlorophenols, thereby con rming occurrence of dechlorination. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that C C bonds were produced on PE after UV irradiation, suggesting that PE might act as a hydrogen donor to accelerate photodegradation of PCP and TeCP. For PVC, an increase of the absorbance of the C-Cl bond after photodegradation indicated occurrence of chlorine migration, resulting in rechlorination of the intermediate chlorophenols. This study suggests that the characteristics of plastics should be considered for assessment of the fate of organic pollutants sorbed on plastics through phototransformation.

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Accelerated aging of polyethylene pipe grades in aqueous chlorine dioxide at constant concentration

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System

Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

Effect of Plastics on the Photodegradation Behavior of Chlorophenols

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