Accelerated aging and lifetime prediction: Review of non-Arrhenius behaviour due to two competing processes

Celina, Mathias C.; Gillen, K.T.; Assink, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.004

Cited by 350 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…3 In addition, the oxidation induction time (OIT) is widely used for the determination of the thermal oxidative resistance of polyethylene materials. 4 The requirement on the OIT in pipe use is that the OIT value must be 420 min. 5 Therefore, both the environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) and the OIT of polyethylene are of particular interest to manufacturers and researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of using the two-step extrusion method on the oxidation induction time value of recycled high density polyethylene

2012

Polym J

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The two-step extrusion method was used to manufacture pipe-grade high density polyethylene (HDPE) material from recycled HDPE. With the two-step extrusion method, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) can completely react after reactive extrusion without adding antioxidants in the first step, which increased the degree of cross-linking and the molecular weight of the recycled HDPE. Then, adding the antioxidant in the second extrusion step can avoid the conflict between the two additives. As a result, this method improved the oxidation induction time (OIT) and the environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) value of HDPE compared with the traditional one-step extrusion method. For both Irganox 1035 and Irganox 300, the OIT using the two-step extrusion method is much higher than that using the one-step method. In addition, introducing carbon black (CB) into the black masterbatch affected the OIT. When the CB content was 0.8%, the OIT was at its maximum value. Polymer Journal (2012) 44, 421-426; doi:10.1038/pj.2012.9; published online 7 March 2012Keywords: oxidative induction time (OIT); reactive extrusion; recycled HDPE; two-step extrusion method. INTRODUCTIONPlastics account for an increasing fraction of the municipal solid waste worldwide. Low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene are the three largest components of plastic municipal waste. 1 Recycling contributes to the reduction in resource consumption and pollution. Fortunately, HDPE is an easily recyclable material. When HDPE is broken down for reuse, many materials can be made, such as recycled plastic lumber, toiletry containers, recycling bins, outdoor furniture, liquid containers and pipes. 2 The typical lifetime requirement for gas and water pipes is B50 years, but the pipes can fail in only 1 year because of the environmental stress cracking. 3 In addition, the oxidation induction time (OIT) is widely used for the determination of the thermal oxidative resistance of polyethylene materials. 4 The requirement on the OIT in pipe use is that the OIT value must be 420 min. 5 Therefore, both the environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) and the OIT of polyethylene are of particular interest to manufacturers and researchers.Currently, recycled HDPE materials cannot be directly used for producing pipes, because the melt flow index (MFI) of these materials is too high to be extruded for pipes. The cross-linking of PE is an effective way to solve this problem. The most common method of cross-linking is the chemical method, particularly using peroxides as an initiator. Peroxide cross-linking by reactive extrusion is used to cause chain extension or long chain branch, even the cross-linking of HDPE chains, by which the molecular weight (MW) increases,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of using the two-step extrusion method on the oxidation induction time value of recycled high density polyethylene

2012

Polym J

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“…But the decision rule can not be directly applied to the case of an ADT, due to the difference in statistical models of the ALT and ADT. Gillen [3,6] proposed a test method for examining the degradation mechanism consistency in an ADT. This method is a graphical method in essence, which tests the consistency by examining the linearity of the log-plot of degradation rates versus inverse temperatures.…”

Section: Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency analysis of degradation mechanism in step-stress accelerated degradation testing

Lu¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

EiN

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ConsistenCy analysis of degradation meChanism in step-stress aCCelerated degradation testing analiza niezmiennośCi meChanizmu degradaCji w przyspieszonyCh badaniaCh degradaCji z obCiążeniem stopniowymStep-stress accelerated degradation testing (SSADT) Lu X, Chen X, WAng Y, TAn Y. Consistency analysis of degradation mechanism in step-stress accelerated degradation testing. eksploatacja i niezawodnosc -Maintenance and Reliability 2017; 19 (2): 302-309, http://dx

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“…Many previous work [9] had shown that the time-temperature shifting was applicable to the life estimation of insulation materials. Correspondence between the time and the temperature can be achieved by timetemperature shifting with suitable shift factors α T i , it could be described as e.g.…”

Section: Time-temperature Superpositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life assessment of marine ethylene propylene rubber power cables based on hardness retention rate

Meng¹,

Wang²,

Li³

2017

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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Abstract:The lifetime of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulated cables will decrease because of complex aging processes. From the safety perspective, insulation condition assessment of the cable is essential to maintain an efficient and reliable operation. As a nondestructive and online evaluation method, a hardness retention rate was used to estimate the lifetime of cable. First, accelerated thermal aging tests in the laboratory were performed to measure the elongation at break retention rate (EAB%) and a hardness retention rate at different temperatures. Second, the aging values were processed by the Arrhenius equation and time temperature superposition to assess aging lifetime of insulation at different temperatures and end levels. As the insulation condition assessment of the cable by hardness retention test has no approved standard, the EAB% data were correlated with hardness retention to provide an evaluation basis. The results show that when EAB% picks out the time corresponding to a certain amount of 50% degradation, 10% of hardness retention was chosen as the termination index.

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Accelerated aging and lifetime prediction: Review of non-Arrhenius behaviour due to two competing processes

Cited by 350 publications

References 35 publications

The effect of using the two-step extrusion method on the oxidation induction time value of recycled high density polyethylene

The effect of using the two-step extrusion method on the oxidation induction time value of recycled high density polyethylene

Consistency analysis of degradation mechanism in step-stress accelerated degradation testing

Life assessment of marine ethylene propylene rubber power cables based on hardness retention rate

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